Thumb Sucking, Pacifier Use And

Development Of The Mouth

Group 2:
Rahma fuaddiah
Elsa febri hanestey
Imam hidayatsyah
Dinda wigati rahajeng
Ulfa rizalni
 like many parents, you may be concerned
about your child’s thumb sucking, finger
sucking or pacifier use. You may wonder if it is
harmful, at what age it should stop or what
could happen if your child does not stop.
 You can rest assured that sucking is one of an
infant’s natural reflexes. They begin to suck on
their thumbs or other fingers while they are in
the womb. Infants and young children may
suck on thumbs, other fingers, pacifiers or other
objects. It makes them feel secure and happy,
and it helps them learn about their world.
 However, prolonged thumb sucking may cause
problems with the proper growth of the mouth and the
alignment of teeth. It also can cause changes in the
roof of the mouth.
 Children who rest their thumbs passively in their mouths
are less likely to experience difficulty than those who
vigorously suck their thumbs. When an active thumb
sucker removes his or her thumb from the mouth, a
popping sound often is heard. Some aggressive thumb
suckers may cause problems with their primary teeth.
 Pacifiers can affect the teeth in essentially the same
way as does sucking on fingers and thumbs. However,
pacifier use often is an easier habit to break. If you
offer an infant a pacifier, use a clean one. Never dip a
pacifier in sugar, honey or other sweeteners before
giving it to an infant.
 Most children stop sucking their thumbs or
other fingers on their own between the
ages of 2 and 4 years. The behavior lessens
gradually during this period, as children
spend more of their waking hours exploring
their surroundings. Peer pressure also causes
many school-aged children to stop placing
their fingers in their mouths.
 If a child does not stop on his or her own,
parents should discourage the habit after
age 4 years. However, excessive pressure to
stop can do more harm than good.
 Your dentist also can encourage the child to stop
sucking his or her thumb and explain what could
happen to the teeth if it continues.
 If these approaches do not work, remind your child
of the habit by bandaging the thumb or putting a
sock over the hand at night. If the thumb sucking
persists, talk to your child’s dentist or pediatrician.
He or she can prescribe a mouth appliance or a
medication with which to coat the thumb to
prevent the thumb sucking.
 What are Gerunds?
 A gerund is a verb in its ing (present participle) form that
functions as a noun that names an activity rather than a
person or thing. Any action verb can be made into a
gerund.
 Spelling Tip
 Verbing (Present Participle)
 Add ing to most verbs. Ex. play > playing, cry > crying,
bark > barking
 For verbs that end in e, remove the e and add ing. Ex:
slide > sliding, ride > riding
 For verbs that end in ie, change the ie to y and add ing.
Ex: die > dying, tie > tying
 For a verb whose last syllable is written with a consonant-
vowel-consonant and is stressed, double the last letter
before adding ing. Ex: beg > begging, begin >
beginning. However: enter > entering (last syllable is not
stressed)
 Gerund Examples
 Gerunds can appear at the beginning of a
sentence when used as a subject:
 Jogging is a hobby of mine.
 Gerunds can act as an object following the verb:
 Daniel quit smoking a year ago.
 Gerunds can serve as an object after a
preposition:
 I look forward to helping you paint the house.
 Note: The same spelling rules that apply to the
progressive tenses also apply to gerunds.
 Some verbs and verb phrases are directly
followed a gerund:
 Paul avoids using chemicals on the
vegetables he grows.
 Some verbs can be followed by a gerund or
an infinitive without causing a change in
meaning:
 Some people prefer getting up early in the
morning.
 Some people prefer to get up early in the
morning
 Some verbs can be followed by a gerund or
infinitive but with a change in meaning:
 He remembered sending the fax. (He
remembered the act of send the fax)
 He remembered to send the fax. (He
remembered the fax and sent it.)
 What are Infinitives?
 An infinitive is a verb form that acts as other parts of
speech in a sentence. It is formed with to + base form
of the verb. Ex: to buy, to work.
 Infinitive Examples
 Infinitives can be used as:
 an object following the verb:
 Jim always forgets to eat
 a subject at the beginning of a sentence:
 To travel around the world requires a lot of time and
money.
 an adverb modifying a verb:
 You promised to buy me a diamond ring.
 an adjective modifying a noun:
 Tara has the ability to succeed.
 Some verbs are directly followed by an infinitive:
 Do you want to call your family now?
 Some verbs are directly followed by a noun or
pronoun and then by an infinitive:
 I convinced Catherine to become vegetarian.
 He advised me to sell all my shares of stock.
 Some verbs can be followed by an infinitive or a
gerund without causing a change in meaning:
 Will you continue working after you give birth?
 Will you continue to work after you give birth?
 Some verbs can be followed by an infinitive or a
gerund but with a change in meaning:
 He stopped drinking coffee. (He never drank coffee
again.)
 He stopped to drink coffee. (He stopped what he
was doing and drank some coffee.)