PLACENTA EXAMINATION.

Meaning of placenta
• Only eutherian mammals posses
placenta.
Placenta is discoid because of its shape.
Hemochorial because of direct contact
of the chorion with the maternal blood
&decidua .
The placenta is attached to the uterine
wall & establishes connection between
the mother & fetus through umbilical
cord.
 FUNCTIONS OF PLACENTA
1. NUTRITION
2. STORAGE
3. EXCRETION
4. PROTECTION
5. ENDOCRINE
 GROSS ANATOMY
• The normal placenta at term is flattened disk
like mass with a circular or oval out line.
• Average volume is 500ml ranges 200to900ml
• Average weight is 500gm ranges
200to800gm.
• Average diameter is 15 to20cm.
• Thickness about 2to3cm .
• It occupies 30% of the uterine wall .
• It contain 2 surface fetal &maternal.
 • Fetal surface
•
• The fetal surface is covered by the
Smooth & glistening amnion with the
umbilical cord
attached at center. Branches of the
umbilical vessels
are visible beneath the amnion.
Amnion can be peeled of from the
underlying chorion.

•
 • Maternal surface-

• The maternal surface is rough &

spongy ,maternal blood gives it a
dull red color.
The maternal surface is mapped
out in to 15-20 lobes are called
cotyledons by a series of
fissures Furrows termed as sulci.
 PLACENTAL ABNORMALITIES
• 1)LARGER &SMALLER
• 2)EXCESSIVE INFRACT FORMATION
• 3)EDEMA OF THE PLACENTA
• 4)TUMORS OF PLACENTA
• 5)SYPHILITIC PLACENTA
• 6)SUCCENTURIATE PLACENTA
• 7)EXTRACHORIAL PLACENTA-Circumvalate &
placenta marginata.
• 8)LOBULATED PLACENTA
 CORD ABNRMALITIES
• 1)BATTLEDORE PLACENTA
• 2)VELAMENTOUS INSERTION
• 3)VASA PREVIA
• 4)ABNORMAL NO OF BLOOD VESSELS
• 5)SHORT CORD LONG CORD
• 6)CORD LOOPING
• 7)CORD KNOTTING
• 8)MARKEDLY DECREASED AMOUNT OF
WHARTONS JELLY.
 ADVANTAGES OF PLACENTA
EXAMINATION
• 1)TO MAKE SURE THAT PLACENTA IS
COMPLETELY REMOVED.
• 2)IF ANY THING MISSING MAKE FURTHER
ACTION.
• 3)TO REDUCE MATERNAL MORBIDITY &
MORTALITY.
• 4)TO FIND OUT ANY ABNORMALITIES OF
PLACENTA SO CARE SHOULD BE TAKEN IN NEXT
PREGNANCY.
• 5)TO FIND OUT ANY DISEASE CONDITION.
• 6)BY OBSERVING CORD VESSELS WE CAN FIND
OUT CORD ABNORMALITIES.

• 7)BY CORD ABNORMALITIES WE CAN FIND OUT

CONGINITAL ANAMOLIES IN BABY.
 TIME &ARTICLE REQUIRED
• IMMEDIATELY AFTER COMPLETION OF THE
THIRD STAGE.
• BEFORE LEAVING THE LABOUR ROOM BY
SURGEON AS WELL AS PATIENT.
• MACKIN TOSH
• GLOVES
• TAPE MEASSURE
 EXAMINATION OF PLACENTA
• 1)GENERAL OBSERVATION
• WEIGHT ,LENGTH, THICKNESS, CORDLENGTH,
KNOTS OF PLACENTA.
• 2)DETAIL EXAMINATION
• INFRACTION Recent/old
• LOCALIZED CALCICATIONS
• LOBES
• BLOOD VESSELS
• INSERTION OF THE CORD
• UMBILICAL VESSELS
• MEMBRANES
• AFTER CARE OF ARTICLE

• RECORDING &REPORTING
Placental Abnormalities

Placental calcification
Succenturiate placenta
Bilobed placenta
Velamentous Insertion
Thank u & God bless me…