Saroj Kumar Dev

IT OFFICER
National Health training Center
 Course Contents
• Computer Fundamental
• Windows 2008
• MS-Word 2013
• MS-Excel 2013
• MS-Power Point 2013
• MS-Access 2013
• E-mail & Internet
• Virus Scanning
 Introduction :
Computer is an Electronic Machine,
Which can storage large volume of data.
It can access and process those data with
high speed and accuracy. It is capable of
doing Logical & Mathematical operation.
The Father of Computer is Charles
Babbage (1791-1871). The First
Mechanical Device was made by Blasé
Pascal in 1642.
The Full Form Of Computer Is: -

C = Commonly U = Used for

O = Operated T = Technology
M = Machine E = Education and
P = Purpose R = Research

5
 IPO SYSTEM

ALU

Input Processor Output

(CU)

Memory
Data :
Data is a collection of facts and figures
which can be processed to produce
information. Data needs to be converted to
the Binary form before a modern digital
computer can process it.

Processing :
Processing the manipulation of the
letters, numbers or graphics symbols that
constitute data.
Steps of Processing:

1. Arithmetic Calculation (+, -, *, /)

2. Comparison (=, >, >=, <, <=, <>,
+ve, -ve)
3. Decision Making (Branching to a
different path depending on
whether some condition is True or
False)
4. Logic
Organization of Computer :
Basically computer is defined in the three
parts i.e. Input Device, Central
Processing Unit(CPU) and Output Device.

All Data fed to computer through Input

Device then that Data are processed in
Central Processing Unit and required Output
is given out through Output Device.
 Device :
A piece of hardware you use to
communicate with your computer is called a
Device. Device such as a Keyboard and a
Mouse provide your Computer with
necessary information (Input). Other Devices
such as a Monitor or a Printer, receive
information from your Computer (Output).
Each Devices has its own characteristics that
can be customized.
Classification of Computer
Classification on Work:
1. Analog Computer:
Analog computers represents the
number by a physical quantity. It
measure the Magnitude rather than
Pressure like as Speedometer, Voltmeter.
2. Digital Computer:
Digital Computers are performing the
task usually using digits i.e. 0,1,2,3,…,9.
We are familiar with Decimal No.
System. The Calculator is good example.
3. Hybrid Computer:
It is a Complex form of both Analog &
Digital types of computer are called
Hybrid Computer. It transfers data from
Analog to Digital and vice-versa.
Eg. We are using Modem for the
conversation of computing. Modem
stands for Modulator and Demodulator,
which means to convert Digital
Information to Analog and vice-versa.
Classification on Size:
According to its Classifications:

1. Micro Computer:
Micro Computers are based on
Micro Chips. It is also called Personal
Computer. Easy to carry and is used for
small business and One task at a time.
2. Mini Computer:
Mini Computer is medium in size,
it is bigger than Micro and smaller than
Mainframe Computer. At a time 50
Person can Work with single Mini
Computer for Data Processing, Desktop
Publishing, Etc… It is linked with
Network and used for Bank, Business
Field.
3. Mainframe Computer:
It is connected with large network, it
has more storage capacity and fast processing
speed. It takes about 100Sq.Ft. At least 100
Persons can work at a time. It is used in
Reservation Counter, Central Bank, Etc
4. Super Computer:
Super Computer is biggest computer and
very high Speed than Mainframe Computer. It
is used for Forecasting about Climate,
Weather, Rain, Wind and
Earthquake(Seismec).
Classification On Brand:
On the basis of brand Computer can be classified into Two Category. They are :
1. IBM
a. IBM-PC b. IBM Compatible
2. Apple / Macintosh
IBM-PC:
These Computers are the original
computer manufacture by IBM
corporation of USA. This one of the
oldest and biggest manufactured
Company all over the world.
IBM-Compatible:
The computer manufacture by other
companies on the same brand and size
of IBM company. These are not original
computer and are very less expensive than
the IBM-PC.
Classification On Model:
1. PC-XT (Personal Computer Extended
Technology)
2. PC-AT (Personal Computer Advance
Technology)
3. PS/2 (Personal System-2)
Apple/Macintosh:
Apple are Macintosh. This is a
company of computer manufacture
in USA. The Origin of this company
started from 1980 named as Apple
corporation. Later on converted into
Macintosh too.
Computing Concepts:
Computer performs essentially the following
Three operations in a sequence :

* Receives data or text (and

Information)
* Process data (as per the Instruction)
* Emits or produce output result
(Information)
Working of Computer:
The basic Components of a Computer are the
following :
* Input Device
* Output Device
* CPU :
a. ALU b. CU c. Memory
 Input Device:
The device which through Computer
gets Data, Information and
Instruction that type of devices are
called Input Devices. Example of Input
Devices are Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner,
Trackball, Etc…
Output Device:
The device which through Computer
turnout the End Product, (i.e. Result,
Report or Final Information) that type
of device are called Output Device.
Example of Output Devices are Screen
(Monitor), Printer, Plotter, etc…
 CPU:
CPU means Central Processing Unit. The CPU
is the completely Electronic Parts of the
Computer. It contains Three Sub-Units i.e. CU
(Control Unit), ALU (Arithmetic and Logic Unit),
and Main Memory. Physically the main
components of the Computer is the CPU. So, CPU is
the Main Brain of Computer. It is also known as
Central Computer.
ALU:
It’s Full Name is Arithmetical &
Logical Unit. The Arithmetic & Logic
Unit performs the actual calculations
and comparisons required. Data is
transferred from the main store to the
ALU upon receipt of the relevant
signal from the CU. Appropriate
Operations of Arithmetical are (+, -, *,
/) and Logical are (>, <, =, +ve, -ve).
Main Memory:
Input data, programs, Intermediate results
and final Results ready for Output are stored
in the Main Memory. The data and
Instructions are passed from the main store
into ALU or CU to and from the Backing
Storage devices under the Control of the
CU.
Generally Memory is Two Types :
a. Primary Memory (Storage)-
Temporary Storage
b. Secondary Memory (Storage)-
Permanent Storage

Primary Memory or Storage :

It is also Two Types :
a. RAM b. ROM
 RAM

ROM
Hard Disk:
Hard Disk is an air-tight sealed unit, consisting of a
No. of Metallic Disks (Platters), mounted on a spindle,
which rotates at a Speed of about 3600RPM
(Revolution Per Minute). Data is stored on that of both
sides of each disk in the same manner as that of
Floppy disk. Storage capacities of devices range from 10
MB to 20 GB.
 Components of Computer System:

There are two major aspects of Computer :

1. Hardware 2. Software
Hardware:
All the physical components or peripherals of
Mechanical, Electrical and Electronics parts of
the system is
called Hardware. These are the things
which we can touch, see and feel is called
Hardware. Eg. Monitor, Keyboard, Mouse,
Motherboard, Hard Disk, Floppy Disk, Cable,
Printer, UPS, Voltage Stabilizer, etc.
Software:
It is the set of instruction required to
make the Hardware perform the given
task to get desired result. The set of
instruction is also often referred to as a
program.
Or,
A force which drives Hardware to
perform a task.
Eg. DOS, Windows, MS-Office, etc…
Type of Software:
Basically three types of Software are
used in Computer :
a. System Software b. Application Software
c. Utility Software

System Software:
The Software that manages the
resources of a computer system and
schedules its operation is called the
System Software. Eg. Operating System
Operating System:
It is a program which helps to invocate the
Computer, without Operating System the
Computer can not run.

It Does :
1. To Control and Co-ordinate
peripherals devices such as Printer,
Display Screen and Disk Drives, Etc…
2. To helps the Application Program execute
its Instruction.
 3. To arrange the Memory
System.
4. To deal with any fault that may
occur in the Computer and
inform the Operator.
There are Two Types of Interface Base
Operating System:
a. CUI b. GUI

CUI (Character User Interface):

As Operating System which uses a
set of character to communicate between
User and Your Computer (Hardware) is
known as Character User Interface Based
Operating System.Eg. DOS, UNIX, Etc…
GUI (Graphical User Interface):
An Operating System which uses a
different kinds of Graphical Notations,
Pictures, etc… to communicate
between User and Computer (Hardware) is
called Graphical User Interface Based
Operating System.
Eg. Windows 95/98/2000/NT, Etc…
There are Two Types of Capacity Base Operating
System:
a. Single-User OS b. Multi-User OS
Application Software:
Application Software(Program) are
specially Prepared to do certain specify
tasks(purpose).

They can be classified into Two Categories:

 Standard Application Software
 Tailored Application Software
Standard Application Software:
Some Applications are Common for
many Organization. Ready–to-use
Software packages for Such
applications are available from
Hardware and Software vendors.
That type of Software is called
Standard Software.
Eg.
1. MS-Excel, Lotus, Quattro, Etc… for
Spreadsheet.
2. MS-Word, WP, WS, Etc… for
Word Processing.
3. MS-Access, D-base, Paradox,
FoxPro, Etc… for Database
Management System.
4. CAD, Auto-CADD, Etc… for
Engineering Designing.
5. MS-PowerPoint, 3D-Max, Etc… for
Animation.
Tailored Application Software:
There are situations where on may
have to develop One’s own programs
to suit One’s Tailored requirement.
Once developed, they come into the
category of unique application
package.
Utility Software:
Utility Software's are called as Service
Programs which provides a useful
service to the user of the Computer by
providing facilities for performing
common tasks such as data transfer,
search and measure of files, data
recovery, diskette management etc…
Some Utility Software are given below:
 Norton Utilities Disk Doctor
 Anti Virus Software
 PCTOOLS Etc… for Utilities.
BOOT :
There are Two Types of Boot :
 Cold Boot
 Warm Boot

COLD BOOT:
Starting your Computer from the
Power of Stage is called Booting (Cold
Booting).
WARM BOOT:
When Your Computer becomes
hangs or you want to Restart Your
Computer then always Press (Reset)
Button on CPU Box or Press
Ctrl+Alt+Delete at the same time.