Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CHAPTER 2
Organizational
Philosophies and
Behavior
An Integrated Perspective
Approaches to
Management
Practice
Jon L. Pierce &
Donald G. Gardner
with Randall B. Dunham
PowerPoint Presentation
Copyright © 2002 by South-Western by Charlie Cook
2–1
Learning Objectives
1. Identify early pioneers in management and
organizational behavior and their contributions to the
classical theory of management.
2. Discuss the major elements of of Taylor’s approach to
scientific management.
3. Explain the significance of the Hawthorne studies.
4. Identify the major contributors to the behavioral theory
of management, their view of organizations, and their
contributions to the management literature.
5. Discuss the meaning of the human resources model and
its relationship to the high involvement approach to
organizational management.
6. Identify and discuss several contemporary perspectives
on the nature of organization and management practice.
Functional
Supervision
VS.
General
Unity of Supervisor
Command
FIGURE 2–1
Copyright © 2002 by South-Western 2–6
Scientific Management Pioneers (cont’d)
• The Gilbreths
Frank Gilbreth (1868–1924) focused on improving work
methods such as bricklaying to improve effectiveness
and efficiency.
Lillian Gilbreth (1878–1972) pioneered modern human
resource management.
Developed a classification scheme
to describe the motions (therbligs)
used in the performance of
a job.
Draw Plans
Rough Framing
Rough Electrical
Cabinet Ordering
Install Wallboard
Install Cabinets
Install Carpet
Final Inspection
Worker Satisfaction
leads to . . .
FIGURE 2–3
Copyright © 2002 by South-Western 2–20
The Behavioral Science Influence
• Behavioral science movement
A movement that stressed the need to conduct a
systematic and controlled field and laboratory studies
of workers and their motivation, attitudes, and behavior.
Introduced the growth model of the employee.
The movement eventually
gave rise to organizational
behavior as a discipline.
Employee Organizational
Satisfaction
Involvement Performance
Commitment and a
Willingness to
Become More
Involved
Management
Challenges
FIGURE 2–5
Copyright © 2002 by South-Western 2–30
Total Quality Management Perspective
• Quality management perspective
An approach to management that has as its goal the
achievement of customer satisfaction by providing
high-quality goods and services.
• Total quality management (TQM)
A management philosophy and way of managing with
the goal of getting everyone committed to quality,
continuous improvement, and the attainment of
customer satisfaction by meeting or exceeding
customer expectations.
TQM pioneers: Deming, Juran, Ishikawa
Structure
Strategy Systems
Organization
Management
Skills Staff
Shared
Style
goals
• Contributions • Limitations
Unified the technical Contemporary approaches
side (classicists) and to management are more
the social elements of complex than the classical
organizations and behavioral
(behavioralists). approaches.
Showed that there is no No contemporary
“one best way” to management approach
manage in all has been thoroughly
circumstances. researched.