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 Are rare or extreme event

in the natural or human-
made environment that
adversely affects human
life, property or activity to
the extent of causing a
disaster.
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Hazard is characterized by three
parameters:

 level of hazard (severity)

 its occurrence (frequency)
 location
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 ONSET
 Sudden On-set Hazards - (tornado,

earthquake, landslides, flashflood, volcanic

eruption, etc.)

 Slow-On-set Hazards - (climate hazards,

drought, typhoon)
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 CYCLONES
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 Eye – relatively calm & generally clear area of sinking

air and light winds

 Eyewall - ring of tall clouds and thunderstorms that

produce heavy rains and usually the strongest winds.

 Rainbands - curved bands of clouds and

thunderstorms that trail away spirally from the eye
wall, capable of producing heavy bursts of rain, wind,
tornadoes, etc.
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 A sudden rise in sea level above

the normal level on the coast
due to a very low atmospheric
pressure and the force of the
winds as a tropical cyclone
approaches the coast.
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 Storm surge is brought by
Wind/Pressure Effect

 Rainfall Effect

 The Tidal Effect



 Shape of the coastline and

slope of the sea bed

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Sorsogon September 2006

Legazpi City September 2006

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GEOLOGIC HAZARDS
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 Rockfall in
Tiwi Sangay
Road
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Lahar during 2006

TYPHOON REMING
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 Occur when the level of a body of water rises until
it overflows its natural or artificial confines and
submerges land in the surrounding area
 a general and temporary condition of partial or
complete inundation of normally dry land areas
from:
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 Storm surge due

to Typhoon
Milenyo in 2006,
Brgy BGY.
BULABOG,
Sorsogon City
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1. River floods
2. Coastal floods
3. Urban floods
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1 meter flood
in Libon, Albay
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Human-made-flood, landslide
TO HAZARDS
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Natural – tropical cyclone, volcanic eruption, tsunami

Tropical Cyclone Flood Landslide

Volcanic Eruption Earthquake Tsunami

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Landslides Liquefaction Ground rupture

Fire Tsunami Ground shaking

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 Earthquake is a weak to violent shaking of the
ground produced by the sudden movement of rock
materials below the earth’s surface.
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 Kobe EQ, Japan, Jan 1995
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 Pilapils (rice
paddy dikes) in
Imugan, Nueva
Vizcaya
displaced left-
laterally
 by the ground
rupture of the
1990 Northern
Luzon
Earthquake.
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Tsunami
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• Strong ground shaking

• Rapid (Unusual) sea level fall (sea retreat) or rise

• “Unusual”, strong sound

 Go inland, go to predetermined elevated

 ground, or go to upper floor of strong tall
buildings
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 VOLCANIC HAZARDS
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The term VOLCANO

signifies a vent, hill or
mountain from which
molten or hot rocks with
gaseous materials are
ejected. The term also
applies to craters, hills or
mountains formed by
removal of pre-existing
materials or by
accumulation of ejected
materials.
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(active)

 An ACTIVE volcano has documented

records of eruption or has erupted recently
(within 10,000 years). (potentially active)

 Although there are no records of eruption,

a POTENTIALLY ACTIVE volcano has
evidences of recent activities and has a
young-looking geomorphology.

 An INACTIVE volcano has not erupted

within historic times and its form is Masaraga
beginning to be changed by agents of (inactive)
weathering and erosion via formation of
deep and long gullies.
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November 6, 2010 / 8:11 Nov 9, 2010 / around 3:45 pm

am

NOVEMBER 2010 BULUSAN

VOLCANO ERUPTION

Nov. 21, 2010 / 7:22 am Larger volume pyroclastics than

Nov 9 Courtesy of Mayor Fragata
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And please rise your hand if you

will ask a question .