Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics Understanding Culture, Society and Politics

Looking Back at Human

Bio-cultural and Social evolution

Pavia National High School

Pavia National High School

By: Alnen Grace D. Puerto
 Explain the concepts of evolution,
missing link and tree of life

 Describe the relationship between

ape and humans
Direction: Identify if the following pictures is
Tangible Heritage or Intangible Cultural Heritage.

1.
2.

3.
4.

5.
Direction: Write the word AGREE if the
statement is correct, DISAGREE if the
statement is wrong.

1. Evolutionary change always occur on genetic

level.

2. Evolution describes how people can change

their muscle mass by lifting weight.
3. Biological evolution explains the way of all
living things evolved over billions of years
from a single common ancestor.

4. The concept of evolution is often illustrated

by the so called “Tree of Life”.

5. Modern humans do not differ from apes in

many significant ways.
 EVOLUTION – the changes that occur in a
population over time
- always occur on the genetic
level
- passed on or inherited from
generation

 POPULATION – a group of the same species

that share a specific location and habitat
Biological evolution refers to the changes,
modifications and variations in the genetics and
inherited traits of biological populations from
one generation to another

Biological evolution is based on the theory of

evolution that was introduced by Charles
Darwin (1809-1882). He concluded that each
species was not created at one time in a fixed
form. He introduced the concept of evolution to
explain the origins of modern human in his
published work “On the Origins of Species by
means of Natural Selection”.
Tree of Life
- all living things evolved over billions of years from
single common ancestor.
-every branch in the tree represents a species.
-all life is interconnected, but any two species may
be separated by millions or even billions of years of
evolution.

Our Common Ancestor

- most scientists believe our common ancestor
existed 5 to 8 million years ago.
-the two species broke off into separate lineages,
one ultimately evolving into gorillas and chimps, the
other evolving into early humans called hominids.
Missing Link
-in the popular imagination, this is the
fossil of our common ancestor.

Fossils
-the remains or impressions of living
things hardened in rock.
-the fossil record provides a fairly good
outline of human evolutionary history.
• Biological and Cultural Evolution
 A guess or a rough idea

 In science, it is an overarching
explanation used to describe some
aspect of the natural world that is
supported by overwhelming evidence.
• Human evolution is the evolutionary process leading to the modern
day humans
• It is characterized by a number morphological , developmental,
biological, developmental, psychological, and behavioral changes
that have place since the split between the last common ancestor
of human species
 Scientist developed the ability to
decode the genome and compare the genetic
makeup of species, some people have been
stunned to learn that about 98.5% of genes of
people and chimpanzees are identical. This
finding means chimps are the closest living
biological relatives to humans, but it does not
mean that humans evolved from chimps. We
are therefore related to the other living
primates, but we did not descend from them.
• Homo is used to determine the species of human being.
• According to anthropologist the direct ancestor of the
Homo species are the Hominid
• According to Ember (2011), the first
definite hominid are Australopithecus
• They were fully bipedal which means
that they could walk using their legs.
 An African apelike species evolved probably 6
million years ago
 two skeletal characteristics that set it apart from
apes: small canine teeth and bipedalism or walking
on two legs as the primary mode of locomotion
 australopithecine means “southern ape” where the
fossils found in South Africa
 the australopith found in the Great Rift Valley in
eastern Africa, including Ethiopia, Tanzania, Kenya
and Chad.
 “Lucy” the best-known ausralopith specimen, a
female skeleton that was discovered in 1974bin
Hadar, Ethiopia
 Gracile Australopithecus
 Robust Australopithecines
 The Genus Homo
 Hominids have a brain
larger compared to the
Australopithecus
species which appeared
about 2.3 million years
ago
Homo habilis (Handy man)
• an early representative of modern
humankind. Found by Louis and
Mary Leakey at Olduvai George,
Tanzania, these fossils date to
between 2.5 to 1.7 million years
ago.
 Homo Ergaster
fossils skeleton found in
Kenya in 1984
popularly known as Turkana
Boy
first “naked ape”
 Homo Erectus
Homo erectus fossils found
in Java and the Republic of
Georgia at 1.9 million years
ago
Evolved in Asia
 Neanderthals
 the direct descendants of modern
humankind
 Homo Sapiens
 Oldest known fossils with skeletal
features typical of modern humans
from 195,000 years ago
 Found in Sudan, Ethiopia, South
Africa and Israel.
 Human brains are larger and more
complex
 Elaborate forms of communication
and culture
 Walk upright
 Manipulate small objects
 Can speak
Directions:
1. Group yourselves with 10-11 members.
2. Each group will have a leader, a secretary
and a reporter.
3. The leader will pick a topic through fish bowl
method.
4. Each group will have 8 minutes to prepare
their answer and 2 minutes to present it to
class through any means that the group has
decided upon.
TOPICS:

1.Explain what is Evolution, The Tree of

Life and The missing link
2. Explain and describe the relationship
between apes and human.
3. Explain and describe early human
species: Australopithecines
4. The Genus Homo: habilis,
ergaster,erectus
5. The Final Transition to modern human
 CONTENT - - - - - - - - - - - - 10

 PRESENTATION - - - - - - - - 10

 TEAMWORK - - - - - - - - - - - 5
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 TOTAL 25
 CONTENT - - - - - - - - - - - - 10

 PRESENTATION - - - - - - - - 10

 TEAMWORK - - - - - - - - - - - 5
--------------
 TOTAL 25
Direction: Complete the statement to give meaning and
sense of such by underlining the word enclosed inside
the parenthesis.

1. (Animals, Plants, Humans) are the only living primates

that have a strong precision grip.

2. (Theory, Evolution, Fossils) is the change that occurs in

a population over time.
3. (Fossils, Ancestor, Humans) are the remains of
living things hardened in rock.

4. Scientist developed the ability to decode the

genome and compare the genetic make-up of
species, and they found out that about (95%, 99%,
98.5%) of genes in people and chimpanzees are
identical.

5. The name australopithecine means (northern

ape, western ape, southern ape).
Direction: Write the word TRUE if the statement is correct,
FALSE if the statement is wrong.

1. Evolutionary change always occur on genetic level.

2. Evolution describes how people can change their muscle

mass by lifting weight.

3. Biological evolution explains the way of all living things

evolved over billions of years from a single common
ancestor.

4. The concept of evolution is often illustrated by the so

called “Tree of Life”.

5. Modern humans do not differ from apes in many

significant ways.
 Research further on the
Evolution of Modern Humans.

See you next meeting! 