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Culture Documents
3723748
3723748
Amalgam explorers,
excavators chisels others condenser
mirrors probes others
ordinary
hatchets
straight files
Angle
formers
bin-angle carvers
Enamel
spoons hatchet
Gingival
margin trimmers
MATERIALS
a- Blade or nib
b-Shank
c-Handle
Design
a- blade
This is the working part of the instrument.
Begins at the point which terminates the
shank.
It is connected to the handle by the shank.
Each blade has a cutting edge which is the
working part of the instrument.
It is usually in the form of a bevel (acute
angle) that cuts into the tooth structure.
On non cutting instruments e.g. condensers
the part corresponding to the blade is called
the nib or face.
Design
b-shank
Shank angles:
Mon-angle, bin-angle, triple angle.
c- handle(shaft)
mirror
cone-socket handle (mirror)
nomenclature
Single beveled
instrument such as
spoon excavator
and gingival
margin trimmer are
used with lateral
cutting movement.
Bevels
Excavators Chisels
(1)Excavators
hatchets
hoes
angle formers
spoons
CUTTING INSTRUMENT
APPLICATIONS
Hatchet excavator
Hatchet excavator
These instruments are used primarily on anterior teeth for
preparing retentive areas and sharpening internal line angles,
particularly in preparations for direct gold restorations .
CUTTING INSTRUMENT
APPLICATIONS
Hoe excavator
Hoe excavator
Hoe excavator
Some sets of cutting instruments contain
hoes with longer and heavier blades, with
the shanks contra-angled. These are
intended for use on enamel or posterior
teeth.
CUTTING INSTRUMENT
APPLICATIONS
Spoon excavator
discoid cleoid
- the cutting edges are -the cutting edges are
circular. claw like.
CUTTING INSTRUMENT
APPLICATIONS
bin-
angled
spoon
triple-
angled
spoon
CUTTING INSTRUMENT
APPLICATIONS
Cleoid spoon
CUTTING INSTRUMENT
APPLICATIONS
Discoid spoon
CUTTING INSTRUMENT
APPLICATIONS
(2)Chisels
straight, slightly
curved, or bin-angle
enamel hatchets
straight, slightly
curved, or bin-angle
straight, slightly
curved, or bin-angle
straight, slightly
curved, or bin-angle
straight, slightly
curved, or bin-angle
straight, slightly
curved, or bin-angle
straight, slightly
curved, or bin-angle
enamel hatchet
enamel hatchet
Uses of GMT :
sharpening
sharpening
Mechanical sharpener
There are four grasps used with the hand
instruments:
Modified pen.
Inverted pen.
Palm and thumb.
Modified palm and thumb.
With each grasp proper rest and guard is
important.
It is similar to that used in holding a pen except
that the thumb, index and middle fingers contact
the instrument while the tips of the ring and
little
fingers are placed on the working tooth as a rest..
The palm of the hand is facing away from the
operator.
pen grasp Modified pen grasp
If the hand is rotated so that the palm
faces more toward the operator.
If is used in the lingual and labial surfaces
of anterior teeth.
Cleaning
Ultrasonic Automated
Hand Scrubbing
Cleaning Washer
1-Hand Scrubbing
Advantages
-Effective if performed properly
Disadvantages
-Increases chances for operator injury.
-Increases spread of contamination through splatter.
-Labor-intensive.
-Need proper care of scrub brush
2-Ultrasonic Cleaning
Advantages
-Safer than hand scrubbing.
-Effectively cleans all instruments .
Reduces chances for spread of
contaminants through splatter.
-Allows for more efficient use of staff
time
Disadvantages
-Microorganisms may accumulate in
cleaning solution.
-Ultrasonic cleaning will not remove
hardened Permanent cement.
(Solution: remove cement while it is
still soft.).
3-Automated Washer
Advantages
-Safer than hand scrubbing.
-Reduces chances for spread of contaminants of
contaminants through splatter and aerosols.
-Allows for more efficient use of staff time.
-Effectively cleans instruments.
Disadvantages
-Not all instruments are compatible with
automated washers.
-Please see manufacturer's instructions for detailed
requirements.
process by which an article, surface or medium is
freed of all living microorganisms.
-Most dental offices have a designated area for
instrument reprocessing that is separate from the
dental treatment room. This is ideal, since
cleaning, sterilizing and storing instruments in the
same room where the delivery of patient care is
provided increases the risk of cross-
contamination.
-Some instruments and materials
are single use only.
- Single-use items should be
segregated in the operatory,
and those that are sharp
or otherwise pose a risk of injury
must be discarded into a sharps container .
utility gloves
Sterilization
Disadvantages
1-a lower temperature or a shorter
period will not produce the desired
result .
2-The higher temperature of a dry-heat
sterilizer means that paper will scorch
and plastic will melt.
3-some hand pieces can not be sterilized
by this method
Cox rapid heat transfer dry heat sterilizer
-Ethylene oxide sterilization is the best
method for sterilizing complex instruments
and delicate materials.
-ethylene oxide gas is toxic for all viruses and
bacteria at room temperature on exposure for
8-10 hr at elevated temperature .
-this method requires rather expensive
equipment .
Room temperature ethylene oxide sterilizer
BOILING WATER
microwave oven
-Ultraviolet light is not highly effective against
RNA viruses such as HIV and is not very
effective against bacterial spores
Ultraviolet light
-Incomplete exposures of all surfaces
and poor penetration of oil and debris
are other limitations.
Amalgam condenser
Mouth mirror
others
It is a dental instrument used for compacting silver
amalgam while in a plastic state, used for restoring
teeth to a natural contour.
used to
smooth and polish the restoration.
remove scratches left on the amalgam surface by a
carving instrument.
Burnishers
C. disposable brush
used with etching and bonding procedures
associated with composite resins is a
disposable brush with a reusable handle.
aiding in good infection control practices.