01-2002-CNCAN Presentation On Romanian Nuclear Sector Status

NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR ROMANIA
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES
CONTROL
Ministry of Water and Environmental Protection
Romanian Nuclear Sector Status

- Highlights and Updates for IRRT Mission -
Presentation
by
Dr. Lucian Biro

State Secretary
President of the National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control
International Atomic Energy Agency - International Regulatory Review Team Mission

National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control
Romania, 06-17 May 2002
NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES Content
CONTROL
 Historical Background
 Some priorities derived from the Cabinet Program
 Energy consumption evolution (1992 - 2000)
 Romanian GDP expected evolution
 National consumption
 Structure of electricity produced during 2000
 Restructuring process in the Romanian Energy Sector
 Romanian Economy Environment
 Licensee Alternatives
 Nuclear Energy Option Arguments for Romania
 Current Situation in Nuclear Sector
 Main Nuclear Installations
 Cernavoda NPP - Current Status
 Nuclear Fuel Plant
 Conversion Plant
 National Autonomous Company for Nuclear Activities
 National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering ”Horia
Hulubei” - Bucharest – Magurele (IFIN-HH)
 Conclusions
Slide 2
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES Historical Background
CONTROL
 1957: - Radiation protection rules and practices were in place;

 1971: - Institute for Nuclear Technologies have been established;
 1972: - Nuclear regulatory commission has been set up;
- The Safeguard Agreement came into force (INFCIRC/180);
 1974: - Law No. 61 for the development of the nuclear activities in Romania;
 1975: - Nuclear safety regulation have been issued;
 1976: - Physical protection regulation have been issued;
 1977: - Institute for Nuclear Power Reactors;
 1979: - TRIGA Research Reactor have been commissioned;
 1980: - Construction of Cernavoda NPP started;
 1982: - Quality Assurance Law;
 1983: - QA Regulations started to be issued one by one;
 1990: - National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control (CNCAN);
 1996: - First criticality of the Cernavoda #1 NPP;
- New Nuclear Act (Law No. 111/1996);
 2001: - The Law on third party liability in the case of nuclear damages;
- Construction of Cernavoda U2 NPP restarted;
 2002: - Preparatory actions to restart Cernavoda U3 NPP construction;
Slide 3
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES Some priorities derived from the Cabinet Program
CONTROL
Energy Sector
 Structural adjustment focused on the productivity increase efficiency and quality of

services;
 Ensuring a production structure compatible with EU countries;
 Attracting the Romanian and foreign investors;
 Complete the secondary legislation necessary for the two independent authorities
for energy and gas: ANRE and ANRGN;
 Restructuring the energy sector, including the privatization of the distribution and
production system;
 To start the privatization of unexplored area for gas and petroleum extraction;
 To continue Cernavoda NPP Project.

Slide 4
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES
Energy consumption evolution (1992 - 2000)
CONTROL
70
6 7 .3
C on s u m ption (b ill. k W h )
65
5 9 .6 6 2 .2
60
5 7 .4
5 8 .4
55
5 5 .9 54
51
50
4 9 .9
45
40
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Year
Slide 5
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES
Romanian GDP expected evolution
CONTROL
6 .5 0
6
6 .0 0
5 .5 0
G D P in c re a s e (% )
4 .5 0
1 .6 0
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Y ear
Slide 6
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES
CNCANNational consumption
Strategies & Priorities
CONTROL
Crude oil
54%
46%
Internal Production Internal Production

Import Import Natural gas
70%
30%
Slide 7
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES
Structure of electricity produced during 2000
CONTROL
28%
57%
SC Termoelectrica SA
SC Hidroelectrica SA
11%
SC Nuclearelectrica SA
4%
Other Producers
Slide 8
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES
CNCAN
Restructuring process in theStrategies & Priorities
Romanian Energy Sector
CONTROL
“TERMOELECTRICA” SA
RENEL
“HIDROELECTRICA” SA Next steps
First step Privatization
“ELECTRICA” SA
Separation of
Nuclear from “TRANSELECTRICA” SA
RENEL
Third step
CONEL CONEL’s
tch & Transmission
hes:
Branches are
Termoelectrica splitting
Hydroelectrica
Electrica Electrical & Thermal Power Law
Second step
Set-up of the National Power Board (ANRE)
Set-up specific Issuing prescriptions and rules for the
legislation and Power Sector to set-up the Electrical Power
infrastructure Market
LEARELECTRICA” SA
“RAAN”
Slide 9
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES
CNCAN Strategies
Romanian & Priorities
Economy Environment
CONTROL
 Economy still in transition:

 Infrastructure still under  Main CNCAN regulatory concern:
development
 Deregulation of energy market
 Licensee need to keep focus
 Collecting of revenues on safety in a competitive
 Increasing regulatory environment
requirements
Slide 10
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES
CNCANLicensee
Strategies & Priorities
Alternatives
CONTROL
 To Implement Business For Excellence

Model
 Realign thinking from public service

 To Be A Strategic Public Service Provider provider to being a successful business
 No longer have the duty to supply but have
 Needs political decision
new contractual obligations with customer
 Realistic option for 10-15 years
 Excellent people/ management
 Stops degradation/ maintain
 High risk on long term
 Vision and goals- long term focus
 Customer focus (low cost reliable & flexible
 Management expected to rapidly realign
operation)
 Staff realignment expected to be more difficult
 Shareholder expectations (profit oriented;
 Mature union & management commercial culture)
 UE integration  Safety regulations (excellent safety level)
 Possible shutdown before end of lifetime  Competition/ strategic alliances
 Shared vision/ excellent people
 Asset and cost optimization
 plant improvements
 people development
 process enhancements
 quality improvement
Slide 11
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES Nuclear EnergyCNCAN Strategiesfor
Option Arguments & Priorities
Romania
CONTROL
 The potential advantages of nuclear power
 The concern about climate change
 The search for a sustainable energy mix.
 The potential role of nuclear power in sustainable development
 The advantages of nuclear power as a concentrated source of energy

and as a means to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide.
 Nuclear power as an eminently sustainable energy source.
 Wish to retain and improve the nuclear option for the future, at the
highest available safety standards
Slide 12
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES Current Situation in Nuclear Sector
CONTROL
 CANDU-6 Type Reactors
 Cernavoda NPP
 1 Unit in operation
 1 Unit under construction
 3 Units under preservation
 1 Conversion Plant (in operation)
 1 Fuel Plant (in operation)
 1 Heavy Water Plant (in operation)
 1 Interim Spent Fuel Storage (under construction)
Slide 13
NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR Main Nuclear Installations
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES
CONTROL
Powder Plant
TRIGA Reactor
Heavy Water Fuel Plant
Plant
VVRS Reactor Cernavoda NPP
Slide 14
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES Cernavoda NPP - Current Status
CONTROL
 Good operation performances

 The Operation License have been extended by CNCAN for another 2
years cycle, started on 1 May 2001; Unit 1
 No significant events
 Activities to build the Interim Spent Fuel Storage on site started.
 1982 - Works started on the Cernavoda NPP - Unit 2 site;

 1996 - Re-start of Unit 2 works
Unit 2
 1999 - Fuel Channel Installation;
 18 May 2001 - SNN/AECL/ANSALDO Contract have been signed;
 May 2001 - Overall project completion is estimated at 48.5%;
 September 2002 - Finance scheme in force
 1982 - Works started on the Cernavoda NPP - Unit 3 site;

 1991 - Temporary stop of the works on Unit 3; Unit 3
 1992 - 2004 - Preservation activities performed on Unit 3;
 2003-2004 - To Establish Finance Scheme for Unit 3
Slide 15
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES Cernavoda NPP - General View
CONTROL
Slide 16
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES Cernavoda NPP Training Center
CONTROL
Slide 17
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES Cernavoda NPP - Full Scope Simulator
CONTROL
Slide 18
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES Cernavoda NPP Unit # 1 - Generated Power in 1997
CONTROL
800
706,5 MW (h) Nominal Power

700
Unplanned Outage
Planned Outage
Unplanned Outage
Planned Outage
600
Power [MW(th)]
500
400
300
Generated Power
200 Station Distribution
100
0
15
9
18
27
5
14
23
4
13
22
31
9
18
27
6
15
24
2
11
20
29
8
17
26
4
13
22
31
9
18
27
6
15
24
2
11
20
29
8
17
26
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1997
Slide 19
CONTROL
800

700
600
500
400
300
Average 1997
200 Generated Power
Station Distribution
100
0
0
4
1
14
24
13
23
15
25
14
24
14
24
13
23
13
23
12
22
11
21
11
21
31
10
20
30
10
20
30
Slide 20
CONTROL
800
700
600
Power [MW(th)]
500
400
300
Average 1998
200
Generated Power
Station Distribution
100
0
0
4
1
14
24
13
23
15
25
14
24
14
24
13
23
13
23
12
22
11
21
11
21
31
10
20
30
10
20
30
1999
Slide 21
CONTROL
Slide 22
CONTROL
MW
2001, January 1st - December 31st
Slide 23
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES
Cernavoda 1 NPP Gross Capacity Factor
CONTROL
100%
8 8 .3 0 % 8 8 .2 5 %
80% 8 7 .2 7 % 8 6 .1 9 % 8 4 .5 1 %
C ap acity F acto r (% )
60%
40%
20%
0%
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Ye a r
Slide 24
NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR Cernavoda 1 NPP
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES Cumulated Radioactive Releases in Effluents
CONTROL
8
L eg al d o se fo r p o p u latio n : 1000 m icro S v
7
Cumulated Radioactive Releases in
7.25
7.2
6
Effluents (microSv)
5.7
5 5.6
4 4.5
0
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Year
Slide 25
NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR Cernavoda 1 NPP
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES Average Annual Radioactive Waste Volume
CONTROL
30
Acco rd in g to d esig n : 30 cu b ic m / year

25
Radioactive Waste Volume (m3)
24.2
20
21.1
19.9
15
16.5 16.5
10
0
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Year
Slide 26
NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR Cernavoda 1 NPP Average Exposure of Plant Personnel
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES - Atomic Radiation Worker (ARW) -
CONTROL
20
AR W Averag e E xp o su re (m S v)
L e g a l E x p o s u re fo r A R W : 2 0 m S v
16
12
4
0 .9 9 0 .7 6 1 .2 9 1 .2 5 1 .2 6
0
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Ye a r
Slide 27
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES INES Level for Reportable Events
CONTROL
15
Out of scale 0 1 2
INES level for Reportable Events
10
0
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Slide 28
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES Reportable Events to the Regulatory Body
CONTROL
30 29
Reportable Events to Regulatory Body
25
22
20
20 19
18
15
10
0
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Slide 29
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES
Nuclear Fuel Plant
CONTROL
Slide 30
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES
Cernavoda 1 NPP Failed Fuel Rate Evolution
CONTROL
0.1
0.09
0.086
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05 0.042
0.04
0.03
0.02 0.013
0.011
0.01
0
0
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Slide 31
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES
Conversion Plant
CONTROL
Slide 32
NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR National Autonomous Company for Nuclear
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES Activities
CONTROL
 The National Autonomous Company for Nuclear Activities (RAAN) is

the main responsible organizations for development of national
technical support of nuclear power in Romania (by Law no. 198 / 2000);
 RAAN Subsidiaries:
 Institute for Nuclear Research (ICN)
 Center of Engineering & Technologies for Nuclear Objectives (CITON)
 Heavy Water Plant
Slide 33
CONTROL
 The RAAN R&D Main Objectives:
 To provide solutions in order to maintain a high level NPP availability factor

and to decrease the operation costs.
 To provide support for licensing of Cernavoda NPP.
 To improve the NPP design by the operation experience feedback and

development of a NPP life management program.
 To reduce radiation exposure of operating personnel and the public, and

also reducing NPP operation impact on the environment.
 To develop the concept and associated technologies for the safe final
disposal of medium and low-level radioactive wastes.
 Development and maintaining of the research infrastructure (research

reactors, irradiation devices, post-irradiation examination labs, waste
treatment plants, etc.).
Slide 34
CONTROL
Nuclear Power Programs:
 Nuclear Safety
 Fuel Channel
 Nuclear Fuels
 Fuel Handling
 Management of Radioactive Wasted including Spent Nuclear Fuel
 Protection of the Environment
 Steam Generator
 Process Systems and Equipment
 Chemistry of NPP Circuits
 Instrumentation and Control
 Analysis of NPP Operating Events, Aging, Environment Qualification
and Life Extension
 Advanced Nuclear Reactors and their Fuel Cycles
 Heavy Water and Tritium
Slide 35
CONTROL
Other Programs:
 Extension of TRIGA Reactor Performances
 Irradiation Technologies and Radioisotopes
 Applications of Nuclear Techniques
 Support for International Co-operation
Slide 36
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES Institute for Nuclear Research (ICN)
CONTROL
 The ICN programs have the following technical objectives:
 The Nuclear Safety Program aims at maintaining and/or increasing of

NPP operation limits, development of prediction systems
 The objective of the Fuel Channel Program is to ensure the predictable

and economic operation of this essential NPP component
 The Nuclear Fuels program will ensure the conditions for the increase
of standard nuclear fuel performances
 The Fuel Handling System program treats the testing F/M heads,
monitoring of operation performances of the components of fuel
handling system (FHS)
 Management of Radioactive Wastes and of Spent Fuel is a program

which approaches the elaboration and qualification of
treatment/conditioning technologies for low and medium level
radioactive wastes in view of the final disposal
Slide 37
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES
TRIGA Reactor
CONTROL
Slide 38
CONTROL
 Environment Protection program deals with the determination of the

impact of nuclear activities on the environment
 The Steam Generator program has as main objectives: the

understanding and prediction of thermal-hydraulic phenomena and of
the mechanisms which lead to components deterioration
 The program on Process Systems and Equipment deals with the

increase of performances of NPP systems and components
 Circuits Chemistry. A program dealing with the decrease of radiation

level in NPP systems
 The program Instrumentation and Control intends to accomplish high-

performance dosimeter systems
Slide 39
CONTROL
 The program Analysis of NPP Operation Events, Ageing,

Environment Qualification and Increase of NPP Lifetime. This
program includes the acquiring of international experience related to the
categories of events occurring in NPP operation and to the actions taken
to eliminate their causes
 Advanced Nuclear Reactors: this program approaches the

investigation of solutions needed to increase economic performances
and, in particular, those of nuclear safety of HWRs;
 Extension of TRIGA-SCN Reactor Performances. This program is a

support for the completion of most of the programs mentioned above, by
providing conditions to simulate the behaviour of NPP core components
and applications in other economic domains:
 Irradiation Technologies and Radioisotopes: a program that

assumes the broadening of techniques for producing radioisotopes
utilized in industry and medicine Slide 40
CONTROL
 The program Application of Information Technology in Nuclear Activities

has as main objective the upgrading of the computational system of RAAN
and its subsidiaries through design, completion and implementation of
computer systems and expert systems in accordance with European Union
requirements.
 The program Heavy Water and Tritium intends to offer ways to increase
safety in operation, labor protection, economic efficiency and reliability of
heavy water production facilities
 Applications of Nuclear Techniques intends to provide the frame for the

development of research and development activities required in the
technological transfer of some of the results of research performed within the
previous programs in other areas of national economy.
 The program Support for International Cooperation intends to sustain

international cooperation in the field of peaceful uses of atomic energy by
providing resources for the optimal development of existing agreements and
contracts Slide 41
NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR Center of Technology and Engineering for Nuclear
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES
CONTROL Objectives (CITON)
 CITON services covers the following:
 detail design for process and support systems associated to a CANDU-700

NPP, as well as civil design for the reactor building, the turbine hall, the
service building, spent fuel and waste management; detail design for
adjacent installations and support systems for nuclear research reactors
and labs;
 reliability and probabilistic assessment studies;
 nuclear safety analyses, including environmental impact analyses in case

of accidents, fires, earthquakes, flooding etc;
 thermohydraulic calculations and stress analyses for various working

regimes using specialized computer programs;
 methodologies for computation and computer assisted design
 technical and economical studies for siting as well as cost estimates for
new designs, operational design modifications for NPP systems and
components;
Slide 42
NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR Center of Technology and Engineering for Nuclear
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES
CONTROL Objectives (CITON)
 CITON services covers the following:
 technical assistance for equipment fabrication, their installation, testing

and commissioning as well as testing and commissioning of process
systems;
 land registering and requirements for area classification;
 analyses and optimizations of power consumption;
 prognoses regarding the national power system development especially

nuclear power trends;
Slide 43
NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES ”Horia Hulubei” - Bucharest – Magurele (IFIN-HH)
CONTROL
 The IFIN-HH missions are represented by the basic research, applied

research technological development and postgraduate education.
 The main nuclear installations belongs IFIN-HH are as follows:
 2 MW Russian designed water-water reactor; shutdown from 1997
 U 120 Cyclotron
 Tandem Accelerator
 Radioisotope Production Center
 Nuclear Waste Processing and Storage Centre
 Multipurpose High Dose Gamma-Ray Irradiator
Slide 44
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES
VVRS Reactor
CONTROL
Slide 45
NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES ”Horia Hulubei” - Bucharest – Magurele (IFIN-HH)
CONTROL
 The decision for decommissioning of the VVRS reactor was taken in

August 2001. The IFIN-HH current actions now are focussed on important
aspects as follows:
 To finalize by the end Q2 of 2002 the feasibility study for VVRS Reactor
decommissioning plan;
 To finalize the reports related to the IFIN-HH site radiological characterization;
 To finalize the project for improvement physical protection system;
 To develop technical co-operation activities at international level for a pilot

decommissioning project for VVRS type research reactor;
Slide 46
NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES Conclusions
CONTROL
 Romania has a dynamic nuclear power program;
 Cernavoda NPP, Unit 1 have very good nuclear safety records;
 Cernavoda NPP, Unit 2 construction started;
 The Cernavoda NPP Project will continue with Unit 3;
 Interim Spent Fuel Storage Facility under construction;
 The Romanian Energy market under transition stage;
 Deregulation effects to be considered;
 Decommissioning related activities started for one research reactor.
Slide 47

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NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR ROMANIA

Romanian Nuclear Sector Status

Dr. Lucian Biro

International Atomic Energy Agency - International Regulatory Review Team Mission

 1957: - Radiation protection rules and practices were in place;

 Structural adjustment focused on the productivity increase efficiency and quality of

 Ensuring a production structure compatible with EU countries;

 Attracting the Romanian and foreign investors;

 To continue Cernavoda NPP Project.

Internal Production Internal Production

 Economy still in transition:

 To Implement Business For Excellence

 Realign thinking from public service

 The potential advantages of nuclear power

 The concern about climate change

 The search for a sustainable energy mix.

 The potential role of nuclear power in sustainable development

 The advantages of nuclear power as a concentrated source of energy

 Nuclear power as an eminently sustainable energy source.

 CANDU-6 Type Reactors

 1 Conversion Plant (in operation)

 1 Fuel Plant (in operation)

 1 Heavy Water Plant (in operation)

 1 Interim Spent Fuel Storage (under construction)

 Good operation performances

 1982 - Works started on the Cernavoda NPP - Unit 2 site;

 1982 - Works started on the Cernavoda NPP - Unit 3 site;

706,5 MW (h) Nominal Power

200 Station Distribution

706,5 MW (h) Nominal Power

200 Generated Power

706,5 MW (h) Nominal Power

706,5 MW (h) Nominal Power

2001, January 1st - December 31st

Acco rd in g to d esig n : 30 cu b ic m / year

 The National Autonomous Company for Nuclear Activities (RAAN) is

 Institute for Nuclear Research (ICN)

 Center of Engineering & Technologies for Nuclear Objectives (CITON)

 Heavy Water Plant

 The RAAN R&D Main Objectives:

 To provide solutions in order to maintain a high level NPP availability factor

 To provide support for licensing of Cernavoda NPP.

 To improve the NPP design by the operation experience feedback and

 To reduce radiation exposure of operating personnel and the public, and

 Development and maintaining of the research infrastructure (research

Nuclear Power Programs:

 Extension of TRIGA Reactor Performances

 Irradiation Technologies and Radioisotopes

 Applications of Nuclear Techniques

 Support for International Co-operation

 The ICN programs have the following technical objectives:

 The Nuclear Safety Program aims at maintaining and/or increasing of

 The objective of the Fuel Channel Program is to ensure the predictable

 Management of Radioactive Wastes and of Spent Fuel is a program

 The ICN programs have the following technical objectives:

 Environment Protection program deals with the determination of the

 The Steam Generator program has as main objectives: the

 The program on Process Systems and Equipment deals with the

 Circuits Chemistry. A program dealing with the decrease of radiation

 The program Instrumentation and Control intends to accomplish high-

 The ICN programs have the following technical objectives:

 The program Analysis of NPP Operation Events, Ageing,

 Advanced Nuclear Reactors: this program approaches the