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PRODUCTS
BUILDING CONTRUCTION AND MATERIALS – VII
Ganga (1BM16AT047)
Keerthana. T (1BM16AT050)
Pranusha Vasanth (1BM16AT078)
Rachana. Y (1BM16AT086)
Kshamata Mallur (1BM14AT046)
BITUMEN
Asphalt, also known as bitumen, is a sticky, black, and highly viscous liquid or semisolid form
of petroleum. It may be found in natural deposits or may be a refined product.
Materials that are bound together with bitumen are called bituminous materials. The use of
bituminous materials were initially limited to road construction. Now the applications have
spread over the area of roof construction, for industrial purposes, carpet tiles, paints and as a
special coating for waterproofing.
TYPES OF BITUMEN
1. TAR & PITCH
Most of the tar and pitch used in construction is made by the
distillation of coal.
2. ASPHALT
• HOT ASPHALT those soften by heat.
• CUT BACK ASPHALT those dissolved in mineral solvents.
• EMULSION ASPHALT those dispensed or suspended in a water
base.
PROPERTIES
• The resin in the bitumen contributes to adhesiveness and ductility of the material.
• The viscosity of the material are taken care by the oils present in the bitumen
material.
• The stiffness of the material is governed by the sulfur that is present in significant
amounts.
• The presence of a certain complex of oxygen will affect the acidity of the bitumen.
The acidity of the bitumen is a factor whose determination will help in knowing
the adhering capability of the bitumen with the aggregate particles.
MANUFACTURING
• The manufacture of bitumen is a lengthy process which is
represented briefly in the below flowchart. The bitumen is a
residual material. The final bitumen property will depend upon
the extent of extraction, the viscosity, and the distillation process.
Bituminous Products
• Bituminous Membrane Sheets.
• Bituminous Emulsion Paints.
• Tar / Asphalt.
USES
• Waterproof coating and membranes
Used to provide a waterproof coating
for walls and to make waterproof
membranes in buildings
• Asphalt pavement
Asphalt cutbacks and emulsions have
their greatest use in road construction.
Asphalts in pavements acts as a binder
for the aggregates, in this capacity as a
cement, the asphalts are usually
semisolid.
Before it can be mixed with the
aggregate the asphalt must be made
liquid by heating, and cutting with
solvent or by emulsifying with water.
• Liquid paving asphalts
Most of the liquid asphalts used for
paving are cutbacks
Three types
Gasoline used as a solvent rapid curing
liquid asphalt
Kerosene – produces a medium curing
asphalt
Heavier fuel oils produce a slow curing
asphalt
Types refer to the rate at which solvent
is lost, either during construction or after
pavement has been laid.
• Asphalt canal liner and bank erosion
control.
• Asphalt shingles
Asphalt shingles are made from heavy rag felt, saturated
with asphalt and coated with high melting point flexible
asphalt.
Ceramic coated mineral granules are pressed into the
asphalt coating on the exposed face to provide a fire resistant
surface.
• Built up roofing
Built up roofing is term applied to a type of roofing made by
building up successive layers of felt paper and asphalt over a
solid roof deck.
• Asphalt flooring
Asphalt mastic flooring – is made by mixing an emulsified
asphalt with Portland cement, sand and gravel or crushed
stone to form a plastic mixture. This is spread over the floor
screened compacted and floated to a depth of ½ in.
Asphalt tile – are composed of fibers bond together by a
blend of selected asphalt binders.
• Fiberboard
Insulation boards composed of asphalt impregnated wood
fibers used in built up roofing systems.