CRUZ | DOLOR | GARCIA | MARAVILLA | VITTO

HNFD 123
 It is a prominent structure between the eyes
that serves as an important part of respiratory
system.

NOSE
Consist of the EXTERNAL NOSE and the NASAL
CAVITY
EXTERNAL NOSE
EXTERNAL PART OF THE NOSE
ROOT – thin superior part
that blends with the forehead
BRIDGE – small curve
beneath the root
APEX – highest point of the
nose
DORSUM NASI – length of
the nose
ALAE NASI – lateral portions
of the nose or the wings of
the nostrils
ANTERIOR NASI (NOSTRILS) –
form the entrance to the nose
NASAL SEPTUM –is the bone
and cartilage in the nose that
separates the nasal cavity into
the two nostrils
BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE EXTERNAL NOSE

The branches of the ophthalmic and maxillary

arteries supplied the skin of the external nose.

Branches from the facial artery supplied the skin of

the ala and the lower part of the septum.
NERVE SUPPLY OF THE EXTERNAL NOSE

Trigeminal nerve (CN V) – sensory innervation of the

external nose
External nasal nerve – supplies the skin of the dorsum
of nose, nasal alae and nasal vestibule
Infrorbital nerve – lateral aspects of the nose
Facial nerve (CN VII) – motor innervation to the nasal
muscles of facial expression
NASAL CAVITY
CAVITY OF NOSE, LATIN: (cavum nasi, cavitas nasi)
It is the interior and hollow space within the nose,and skull
that is lined with hairs and mucus membrane.
The structures which opens and entered through the nostrils.
Inlined with mucosa.
Initial part of the respiratory tract and also lodges the
olfactory receptors.

WHERE IT IS LOCATED?

Begins from the base of the skull and is separated from the
oral cavity below the hard palate or the roof of the mouth.
FUNCTIONS:
To allow air to enter the respiratory system upon
respiration
The structures within the cavity regulate the flow
of air and particles it contains.
Regulates the sense of smell. (The olfactory
region of the nasal cavity)
It is to warm, moisturize, and filter air entering the
body before it reaches the lungs.
HAIRS AND MUCUS
Lining the nasal cavity helps to trap dust, mold, pollen,
bacteria and other environmetal contaminants before they
can reach the inner portions of the body.

With the help of small-hair like projections, or cilia, dust

particles trapped by the mucus membrane were remove to
the back of the throat where they can be swallowed or, to the
nose where they can be eliminated through sneezing or
blowing out.
BOUNDARIES OF THE NASAL CAVITY
ROOF

It is curved and narrow.

It is divided into three parts (frontosal, ethmoidal, and
sphenoidal)
 Composed of frontal and nasal bones, anteriorly,
cribriform plateof ethmoid in the middle and body of
sphenoid, posteriorly.
BOUNDARIES OF THE NASAL CAVITY
FLOOR

Wider than the roof.

Upper surface of hard palate, keeping the nasal
cavity separated from the oral cavity.
Formed by the palatine processes of the maxilla and
the horizontal plates of the palatine bone.
 Cribriform Plate
1 2 of Ethmoid Bone
3
Medial Wall of Nasal Cavity
nasal septum

septal cartilage
NASAL SEPTUM
The nasal septum is a structure consisting of both
bony and cartilaginous components.
Divides the nasal cavity into right and left halves
It has osseus and cartilaginous parts
Nasal Septum is consist of the perpendicular plate
of the ethmoid bone (superior), the vomer (inferior),
and septial cartilage (anterior)
Where is the Septal Cartilage?
Lateral Walls of Nasal Cavity
It is divided in to 3 parts:

Superior Concha
Middle Concha
Inferior Concha

The space between the concha is called meatus

Inferior meatus
oNasolacrimal Duct
Middle Meatus
oMaxillary Sinus
oFrontal Sinus
oAnterior ethmoid sinus
Superior Meatus
oPosterior ethmoid
sinus
Sphenoethmoidal
recess
oSphenoid sinus
OPENING INTO THE NASAL
CAVITY
Blood supply of nasal cavity

Sphenopalatine artery - is a branch of the maxillary artery

which passes through the sphenopalatine foramen into the
cavity of the nose, at the back part of the superior meatus.

FUNCTION: Principal blood supply to the septum and the

lateral nasal wall.
 Anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries -The
posterior ethmoidal artery is an artery of the head which
supplies the nasal septum. It is smaller than the anterior
ethmoidal artery.

FUNCTION: Supply the superior portion of the nasal

cavity.
Greater palatine artery - is a branch of the
descending palatine artery and contributes to
the blood supply of the hard palate and nasal
septum.

FUNCTION: Supplies the inferior nasal septum

via the incisive canal.
Facial artery - An artery that superior to the
lingual artery and gives off a number of
branches supplying the neck and face.

FUNCTION: Supplies the anterior portion of the

nasal septum and the lateral nasal wall.
 Kiesselbach's area (plexus) - is a region in the
anteroinferior region of the nasal septum where
branches of the sphenopalatine, anterior ethmoidal,
greater palatine, and facial arteries anastamose.
Most nosebleeds (epistaxis) usually occur in this
area.
 Nerve Supply of the Nasal Cavity

The nose is innervated by three cranial nerves:

Olfaction is provided by the olfactory nerve (CN I)
General sensation is carried by the trigeminal nerve
(CN V)
Serous glands in the nasal mucosa which produce fluid
that constantly lubricates the nose walls are innervated
by the parasympathetic fibers of the facial nerve (CN VII).
Sympathetic innervation comes from T1 level of spinal
cord and is intended for regulation of blood flow
through mucosa
Lymph Drainage of the Nasal Cavity
• Lymph vessels draining the vestibule, end in
submandibular nodes. The rest of nasal cavity is
drained to upper deep cervical nodes.
 Paranasal Sinuses
They are cavities found inside the maxillary, frontal, sphenoid
and ethmoid bones. They are lined with mucoperiosteum &
filled with air.
They communicate with nasal cavity through relatively small
apertures.

• Function of Paranasal Sinuses:

a. Act as resonators of voice.
b. Reduce weight of the skull.
c. Help in formation of facial characteristics.
1. Maxillary Sinus
- Antrum of Highmore"
- largest of the 4 parasinuses
and pyramid in shape.
- located within the body of
the maxilla behind the skin of
the cheek
- base = lateral wall of nose
- apex = zygomatic process
Boundaries/Relations:
A. Roof (Superior wall) - floor of the orbit
B. Floor (Inferior Wall) - Alveolar border ; Roots of the
1st and 2nd premolars and 3rd molar
C. Medial Wall - lies between the sinus and nasal cavity
D. Posterior Wall - related to pterygopalatine and
infratemporal fossae
E. Anterior (Lateral) Wall - soft tissue of cheek
Opening/Ostium - middle meatus through the semilunaris hiatus
Nerve supply - infra-orbital and alveolar branches of the maxillary
nerve
Blood supply - infra-orbital and superior alveolar branches of the
maxillary arteries
Lymphatic Drainage - Submandular lymph nodes

2. Sphenoidal Sinus
- two in number, divided unequally by a thin bony septum
- located within the body of sphenoid
Relations:
A. Superior –
hypophyseal fossa,
pituitary gland, optic
chiasma
B. Inferior -
nasopharynx,
pterygoidcanal
C. Medial - other
sphenoid bone
D. Lateral - cavernous
sinus, internal carotid
artery
E. Anterior - nasal
cavity
Opening/Ostium - Drains into the sphenoethmodial recess
Nerve supply - posterior Ethmoidal branch of the ophthalmic
nerve and the maxillary nerve via orbital branches from the
pterygopalatine ganglion
Blood supply - sphenopalantine artery

3. Ethmoidal Sinus
- thin-walled, bony, honeycombed spaces
- located within the Ethmoid bone
There are three ethmoidal sinuses; anterior, middle and posterior.
They empty into the nasal cavity at different places:
Anterior – Hiatus semilunaris (Middle meatus)
Middle – Ethmoid bulla (Middle meatus)
Posterior – Superior meatus
Relations:
A. Superior - anterior cranial fossa and contents
B. Medial - nasal cavity
C. Lateral - orbit
Nerve supply - Anterior and Posterior Ethmoidal
branches of the nasociliary nerve
Blood supply - Anterior and Posterior Ethmoidal
arteries
Lymphatic drainage - Submandibular lymph nodes
( anterior and middle e. s.) and Retropharyngeal
lymph nodes (posterior e.s.)
4. Frontal Sinus
- the two are variable in size, but always triangular-shaped.
- located within the frontal bone, separated by each other
by a bong septum (under the forehead)
Relations/Boundaries
A. Superior - anterior cranial fossaand contents
B. Inferior - orbit, anterior Ethmoidal sinuses nasal cavity
C. Anterior - forehead, superciliary arches
D. Posterior - anterior cranial dissapointed and contents
E. Medial - other frontal sinuses
Opening/Ostium - middle
meatus through the
infundibulum
Nerve supply - branches from
supra-orbital nerve and supra-
trochlear nerve from the
ophthalmic nerve
Blood supply - branches of the
anterior Ethmoidal arteries,
supraorbital and supra-
trochlear artery
Importance of Nose and Nasal Cavity to the
Respiratory System

1. Warming, Moisturizing, and Filtering the air

2. Breathing
3. Shapes the sound of voice
TIME TO TAKE THE
QUIZ !!!!

(madali lang to)

1. It is the lateral portion of the nose.
2.
3.
4.
5. What is the largest of the four parasinuses?
ANSWERS
1. Alae Nasi
2.
3.
4.
5. Maxillary Sinus