GAIT

Presenter:
Haash
Rasya
Fisya
Prisha
Rajhmuniran

Supervised by Dr
Shaifuzain Ab Rahman
outline

 Tredelenburg
 High stepping gait
 Waddling
 Short limb
 Antalgic
 scissoring
Normal Gait : series of rhythmical , alternating movement
of trunk and limb which result in forward progression of centre of
gravity
Kinematics of gait
Phases : Swing phase and stance phase
Total duration of both phases : 0.6 sec
Swing phase ( 60%) : begins at instant that 1 extremity contacts the ground and continuous only as long as
some portion of foot still on ground.

Heel strike Foot flat  Mid stance  Heel off  Toe

off

Stance phase ( 40 %) : Begins as soon as toe of 1 extremity leaves ground and ceases before heel strike or
contact of same extremity .

Acceleration  Mid swing  Deceleration

TREDELENBURGG
AIT
• The gait gets its name from a German surgeon, Friedrich
Trendelenburg
• Trendelenburg gait is an abnormal gait resulting from a defective hip
abductor mechanism. The primary musculature involved is the gluteal
musculature, including the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus
muscles. The weakness of these muscles causes drooping of the
pelvis to the contralateral side while walking
• Causes :
Failure of effort Failure of fulcrum Failure of load
Gluteus medius &minimus Non-union of the neck of the Osteonecrosis of hip
tendinitis femur
Gluteus medius &minimus abscess Coxa Vara Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
Superior gluteal nerve damage Greater trochanteric avulsion Developmental dysplasia of the hip
L5 radiculopathy
 HIGH STEPPING
GAIT

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ny0b_Audmak
• The inability to lift the foot while walking due to the weakness of muscles that cause
dorsiflexion of the ankle joint
• Description:
• -Foot lands flat or on ball instead on heel with foot ‘slapping’ to the ground
• -to prevent toes from dragging on the floor, the knee and hip flexes excessively
• Common causes: foot drop
• LUMBAR DISC HERNIATION (L4-L5 OR L5-S1

• POSTERIOR HIP DISLOCATION

• TRAUMA , L5 DAMAGE/RADICULOPATHY

• KNEE DISLOCATION

• FRACTURE/TRAUMA TO FIBULAR HEAD

• COMPARTMENT SYNDROME
• TIGHT CAST

• CHARCOT FOOT
Waddling gait
• Waddling : weakness of abductors (gluteus maximus,
gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia lata)
• Unable to bring the movement of hip joint to the knee
joint – essential to clear the ground during walking
• What happen in waddling gait : compensatory bending
of trunk to the opposite site and lift the leg , swing
forward the leg in half circle (circumduction)
• If there’s weakness of the abductors, that leads to a drop in the pelvis
on the contralateral side while walking (Trendelenburg sign)
• With bilateral weakness, there is a dropping of the pelvis on both
sides during walking leading to waddling.
• Commonly seen in myopathies, i.e. muscular dystrophy, bilateral
developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)
Short Limb Gait
• Leg length discrepancy (LLD), a common orthopedic condition, may be
present either due to structural or functional deformities.
• Compensatory gait deviations can occur simultaneously in boththe longer
and shorter lower limb.
• Shorter lower limb functionally elongates the limb (during the stance
phase):-
• increasing hip extension
• increasing knee extension
• ankle plantar flexion
• pelvis tilt down to the affected side to compensate length and allow
ground clearance of the longer limb
• Longer leg utilizes deviations that functionally shorten the lower limb
during the stance and swing phase with opposite kinematic deviations.
• Raise pelvis on normal side on swing phase “Hip-hiking”
• Normal limb may compensate by flexion at hip or knee
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5myCxU
mlUFE
Antalgic Gait
Definition Causes
antalgic = anti- + alge Limbs
= "against pain“ • Children: Injury, infection,
• to keep weight off on affected limb inflammation
• indication of weight-bearing pain • Elderly: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid
arthritis
Spine
“Shortened stance phase relative to
swing phase of the affected limb” • Sciatica, spine infection
Others
• Tumour