NAMA KELOMPOK 6

* SUTRI MARSELINA PEGO (18120067)

* YOLINA RITA CALSIA LOPEZ (18120068)
* WIKE WINA ANDRIANI (18120070)
* SHAFA HAYA FARADILA (18120073)
* ANITA LIDYA PRATIWI (18120078)
* DESY RIANITA TARINGAN (18120080)
Hello in this video we’re gonna talk about diabetes
phatophysiologi this is an overview specifically focusing on
diabetes type 2, diabetes type 2 is a problem where the
hormon insulin which is normaly secreted by the pancreas does
not actually work properly the pancreas is an organ sitting
behind the stomach and secretes many things for digestion
but olso it produces and secretes hormones which are very
important for metabolism one these hormones is insulin which
is produced in response to high blood glucose an example is
after we eat glucose enters our blood and then here it will
stimulate the pancreas to produce insulin if we’re continuing on
with the phatophysiology of diabetes we actulally need to
understand what normally happens and how insulin works in a
normal scenario so again here is the circulation here is the
liver and here is the pancreas the pancreas is the organ that
produces insulin and here is the adipose tissue fat basically
and here is the muscle cells skeletal muscles and on these
organs on these cells of these organs there are receptors for
insulin so again high blood glucose will stimulate insulin
production and insulin release from the pancreas the insulin will
then target these different organs by binding onto insulin
receptors or or insulin sensitive proteins with the sole purpose
of decreasing blood glucose levels the binding insulin to its
receptor or protein triggers a cascade of events within a cell
leading to the increased uptake of glucose from circulation in
this is done for example by producing more glucose channels or
transportes the surface of cells allowing glucose to move from
the blood into the cells of the organs. insulin promotes glucose
storage in the liver insulin stimulates glycolysis and glyco
genesis to store glucose as glykogen insulin also stimulates
glucose to be stored fat which will be subsequently
transported to adipose tissue so going back to our first
diagram remember high blood glucose stimulates insulun
release in type 2 diabetes there is insulin
resistance which mmeans that the receptors insulin works on
usually does not actually work properly or as effectively and so
insulin essentiallydoes not work properly on liver adipose tissue
and skeletal muscle and as a result there will be high blood
glucoses levels for longer periods of time now insulin reistance
occurs because of a number of variety of factors including
genetics family perisposition bad eating habits and also obesity
so because of insulin resistance glucose cannot be taken up by
all these different organs and so you hight blood glucose
because there is haigh blood glucose the pancreas is told to
secrete more insulin despite not secrete more insulin despite
not changing the fact that insulin sensivity is present with
persistent high blood glucose the glucose will travel to the
kidneys and be secreted out this is called glucose urea glucose
urea will result in osmotic diuresis what does that mean well
glucose will essentially drag water with
it because it is a solute and so the person will stop peeing more
polyuria with constant polyuria you get loss of water and you get loos
of elecytrolytes the loss of water and the loss of electrolyte leads to
two main things one dehydration because of the loss of water and two
hyperosmolar state. Hyperosmolar state is a medical emergency which
will not be really discussed here the dehydration will stimulate the
brain to drink more water so we get polydipsia insulin resistance can
actually lead to polyphagia which means the urge to eat more the
feeling of hunger and how does this happen well if there is high blood
glucose and it doesn’t go into the tissues that need it thought the
organ will say hey i’m not receiving enaugh food feed me and so you get
polyphagia prolonged dehydration in serious cases can lead to renal
failure because of the decrease of blood flow going to the kidneys
remember that insulin has many functions in the liver and because of
insulin resistance glucose is not stored properly instead you can get
the opposite you can get liver actually releasing more glucose in the
attempt to supply the organs that need it. It is important to know that
with prolonged insulin resistance eventually the cells in the pancreas
that produces insulin called the beta cells these beta cells will atrophy
because the body is not responding to the insulin properly and so this
will further cause problems and the person. The person who has
diabetes will eventually need to be on insulin injections to compensate
THANKYOU!
~!!