Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Introduction
• Inflation is defined as a sustained increase
in the price level or a fall in the value of
money.
• When the level of currency of a country
exceeds the level of production, inflation
occurs.
• Value of money depreciates with the
occurrence of inflation.
Introduction
Introduction
• Inflation is commonly understood as a situation of
substantial, and general increase in the level of prices of
goods and services in an economy and a consequent fall in
the value of money over a period of time.
• When the general price level rises, value of money falls and
as such each unit of currency buys fewer goods and
services. Consequently, inflation reflects a reduction in the
purchasing power per unit of money.
• A chief measure of price inflation is the inflation rate
which expresses percentage change in a general price index
(normally the consumer price index) over time.
Mathematically, rate of inflation can be
expresses as
Monetarists’ View
• Monetarists’ View: Monetarists assert that
inflation has always been a monetary
phenomenon. The quantity theory of money,
simply stated, says that any change in the
amount of money in a system will change the
price level.
• This theory begins with the Fisher ’s equation
of exchange:
• MV = PT
Monetarists’ View
Where,
• M represent total quantity of money
• V is velocity of circulation of money (i.e. average
number of time each unit of money is spent for
the purchase of goods and services during a given
time period).
• P represents general price level
• T refers to the total volume of transactions (real
value final goods and services)
Monetarists’ View
• Here MV represents supply of money
• PT represents demand for money.
• By manipulation, 𝑷 = 𝑴𝑽
𝑻
• Assuming V and T as given, price level varies
in directly in proportion to the quantity of
money (M). Thus, if supply of money
increases , there is inflation or rise in prices.
Keyenes’ View
• Inflation occurs when price rises after the
stage of full employment is reached in the
economy, with no corresponding rise in
employment and output.
Definition
• According to C.CROWTHER, “Inflation is
State in which the Value of Money is Falling
and the Prices are rising.”
• In Economics, the Word inflation Refers to
General rise in Prices Measured against a
Standard Level of Purchasing Power.
Definition
Definition
• Primary causes:
• When demand for a commodity in the
market exceeds its supply, the excess demand
will push up the price (‘demand-pull
inflation’).
Causes