PARTS OF A RESEARCH/ THESIS

SHARON A. VILLAVERDE, EdD

Making of an action research proposal

Specific Objectives
1. Define research;
2. Discuss the uses of research;
3. Use the DepEd Regional Office prescribed format in
making research;
4. Appreciate the reality that research is an effective tool
in moving towards research-based instruction.
 TITLE PAGE

The Title Page indicates the title of

the study, the full name of the
researcher/s, the group of faculty to
whom the thesis is presented. The
title is encoded in inverted pyramid
 APPROVAL SHEET

This page shows the acceptance and

approval of the manuscript as part of
the requirements in Practical Research
in Senior HS. This is signed by the
research adviser, the oral examination
committee and the principal.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This page contains the researcher’s

expression of appreciation/
gratitude to persons/ unit for the
assistance and encouragement
given in the course of the study
 DEDICATION

This page contains the List of person

whom the researcher/s wishes to
dedicate his/ her study. The
researcher’s initial appears at the
center of the bottom page. This part is
written in the third person.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

This page shows the part of the

manuscript and the corresponding
pages
 LIST OF FIGURES

This page shows the figure number

and the title of every figure found in
the pages of the research/ thesis.
 LIST OF TABLES

This page shows the table number

and the title of every table found in
the entire manuscript.
 ABSTRACT
This page provides the description of the
purpose of the study, statement of the
problem, the methodology used in the
study. It presents the highlights of the
significant findings, conclusions and
recommendations. This should be written
in two pages only.
 CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM
INTRODUCTION
This part discusses the general problems that
the researcher wishes to address in the study.
The first part of the introduction should give the
readers a background knowledge about the
studies and issues that manifest into actual
problem and the consequence of the problem
for the society ( Bui, 2014)
 CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM
INTRODUCTION
 The researcher should make the problem
understood by showing the justification and
rationale of the study, cite problematic
situation supported by statistics in the micro
and macro levels and it’s legal basis,
relevant to the study. This part is written in
not more than three pages.
 CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This part indicates the specific questions
which shall be answered by the research
study. The key questions should
encapsulates the focus of the study and
should ensure that all of the factors
covering the entire study should have been
identified.
 CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM
HYPOTHESIS
The hypothesis states the expected or
tentative conclusions that may be reached
at the end of the study. This is normally
stated in an experimental research. A
thesis/ research may or may not have this
part, depending on the kind of research.
 CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The theoretical framework provides the
theoretical perspective of the core
theory on which to anchor the study.
This part describes the theories on which
the variables identified in the statement
of the problem is based.
 CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The conceptual framework is that group of
ideas, concepts, that give the overall
structures and coherences of the study (Bui,
2014). This part describes the concepts on
which the variables identified in the
statement of the problem is based.
 CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This portion describes which part of the
study will be beneficial to a group or
individuals, units or organization. It presents
the short and long term benefits for the
respondents in the study and the
contribution that it can make to the
research literature.
 CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM
SCOPE AND LIMITATION
This part describes the coverage of the study which
includes the discussion of the variables considered in
the statement of the problem, the population or the
number of respondents/ participants involved in the
study, the locale of the place where the study will
be conducted and the data gathering instrument
and the statistical tools to be used. The limitations is
the weakness of the study that affects the validity of
the research.
 CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM

DEFINITION OF TERMS
This part DEFINES terms or words that are
ambiguous or need a conceptual or
operational definition. The terms to be
defined are arranged alphabetically
and written in bold letters.
 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter consist of two parts: Related
Literature and related studies. It provides the
reader with the overview of the significant
researches related to the problem and the
contextual background information for the
research problem based on the extensive
review made by the researcher.
 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE AND STUDIES
It is important that the researcher makes
an overview of what has been done,
critique past studies and describe how
they relate to the present study. The
review should establish the fact that the
present study is not duplicating the other
studies previously conducted.
 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE AND STUDIES
It is important for the researcher to get to
the recent literature and studies
preferably not more than 10 years from
the period of the review of literature
should support the variables presented in
the statement of the problem
 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE AND STUDIES
 RELATED LITERATURE
This part consist of the introduction, the
body of the literature review, and the
conclusions of the researcher. A brief
annotation under each of the related
literature is important to show the
relevance of the materials to the present
study
 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE AND STUDIES
 RELATED STUDIES
This part highlights the related studies
conducted. A brief annotation under
each of the related study is important to
show the relevance of the materials to
the present study
 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE AND STUDIES
 STATE OF THE ART
This part highlights the similarities and
differences of the previous and current
studies in terms of variables used, the
methodology and findings drawn from
the study.
 CHAPTER III RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY

This chapter provides an introduction

which spells out the part of the chapter.
This part is written in future tense if the
study is not yet completed or past tense
if the study is already done.
 CHAPTER III RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH DESIGN
This portion describes the kind of
research and why such research design
is used in the study, whether the study is
experimental, descriptive, historical or
ethnographic research.
 CHAPTER III RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH LOCALE
 IT describes the research VENUE or site where
the study will take place or where the data will
be collected e.g schools, hospitals, churches,
offices, homes, barangays/ communities,
municipalities, town/ barrios. The researcher
provides a brief information about the chosen
locale and an explanation on why such area
was chosen.
 CHAPTER III RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH POPULATION AND SAMPLE
There are two parts in this section the
population which describes the
participants/ respondents of the study
and the sampling plan or technique
which explains the process of selecting
the participants or respondents.
 CHAPTER III RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS
THERE are many kinds of research instruments
depending on the research design and the
research questions. As stated by Bui, (2014), in
the quantitative studies, the instruments
commonly used are cognitive test, attitude
scales, surveys and observation checklists while
in the qualitative studies, observations,
interviews and focus group discussions are
commonly used.
 CHAPTER III RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS
The researcher also mentions in this part
the expert validators (at least 3) of the
instrument and the venue/ site where
the instrument will be/ was pilot tested.
 CHAPTER III RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURES
This part describes the step-by-step process
on how the data will be collected which
include, requesting the permission from the
principal. Superintendent to administer the
research instrument or retrieve the data.
The period when the data will be gathered
needs to be indicated as well.
 CHAPTER III RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
Statistical Treatment of data
This part describes how the data will be
treated using the statistical tools such as
percentage, WAM or Weighted
Arithmetic Mean, T- test, ANOVA and
others
CHAPTER IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS,
AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
THIS chapter contains the following, an
introductory statement about the content of the
chapter, the presentation of the data in
tabular/ graphic format, the analysis of the data
based on the table/ graphic presentation and
the interpretation of the findings supported with
related literature. The analysis of data is
presented according to the statement of the
problem.
CHAPTER IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS,
AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

 In presenting the data in tabular form,

the table number should be indicated in
the upper left corner of the page and
place the title, italicized below it.
(Szhuchman, 2015)
CHAPTER IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS,
AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
 In presenting the graphs, directly below the
figure, type the word Figure in Italics, then the
figure number followed by a period. The figure
caption follows. It contains a short descriptive
phrase like a title but may be followed by other
information of the sort that might be found in
table note. Don’t capitalize all major words as
you would in a title. (Szuchman, 2015)
E.g Figure 1 Mean relationship satisfaction as a
function of degree completed.
 CHAPTER V SUMMARY OF FINDINGS,
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
 This portion contains three parts: The
summary of findings, Conclusion and
recommendations which are stated in
past tense for the summary of findings
and present tense for the conclusions
and recommendations.
 CHAPTER V SUMMARY OF FINDINGS,
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings

This part summarizes briefly the main

findings of the study which are
presented based on the statement of
the problem.
 CHAPTER V SUMMARY OF FINDINGS,
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusions

This portion is the synthesis, a tying

together and an appraisal in which the
research reconcile his/ her findings with
those of others (Thomas,2013)
 CHAPTER V SUMMARY OF FINDINGS,
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Recommendations

This part includes the outline

recommendations and outline points for
further research (Thomas,2013. This may
also include tentative solution to the
problem raised
 References
 This portion indicates all the references
cited in the study (e.g) books, periodicals,
journals, seminar paper, speeches,
memoranda, annual reports, online
publications, action researches, thesis,
dissertations. This is arranged alphabetically
and written according to APA guidelines.
All references shoul be relevant to the study
and updated.
 References
 Journal Article Reference
Author (s). (year). Article title. Journal
Title, volume number, page number. DOI
Example
Rogers, M. (2010). May sweater has a
zipper. Children’s Television Review,
12,120-122.doi:10.1037/a0013349
 References
 Chapter in an Edited Book
Chapter Author (s). (year). Chapter title. In Book
Author (s) (Ed), Book Title (page number of chapter),
place of publication: Publishing Company. (Use DOI
if available)
Example
Smith, T.J. & Hones, R.N. (1971). Very Interesting Stuff:
Relationship between grades and dental cavities, In
J. Lenoon, & P Mc Cartney (Ed), A big book of
interesting stuff (pp. 22-125). London, England: British
Books.
 References
 An Authored Book
Author (s). (year). Title. City: Publisher.
(Use DOI if available)
Example
Smart, I.M (1995) Fun with Psychology.
Green hill, IL: Green Publishing.
 References
 Electronic References
Author (s). (year). Title. City: Publisher. (add
the electronic retrieval information)
Example
Simpson, B. (1999) Cartooning and
Psychology. Holywood, CA: American
Psychological Association. Retrieved from
http://www.apa.org/journals/simpson.html
 References
 References in the Body of the
Manuscript
In the text, the citation would look like
either of these:
Smith and Jone (2010) found…
The finding on altruism (Smith & Jones,
2010) ...
 References
 References in the Body of the
Manuscript
Cite the page number of the source for
direct quotation. Do so after the closing
quotation mark and before the period.
Freud (1950) reported, “blah blah
blah” (p. 23)
Or “Blah blah blah” ( Freud, 1950, p. 23)
 References
 References
Szhuchman, L. (2015). Writing with Style.
6th ed. Cengage Learning Asia Pte
Ltd. Hiyas Press, Inc. Philippines