Achieving Success in this Course

 To increase your chances for success in this course:

 Attends every class and be on time
 Ask Question: if you don’t ask for clarification of Some Thing
you understanding, you may not understand the rest of the
lecture
 Take intensive Notes.
 Do the Assignment.
 Silent phone
 Ask for help
 Do not be shy . 1
 Introduction of
Building Materials

BY: Engr.Sadak Sufi Ali

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 Outline

1. Functions of buildings and structures

2. Materials and properties:

a) Introduction of materials,,
b) Physical properties,
c) Mechanical properties

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 1. What are the functions of building?
Function of building is to provide a desired spatial environment within it
continuously for a given human activity.
1. Safety is the first requirement. It should be safe against all kind of
natural forces and also from man-made forces.
2. must be safe and comfortable:
It must provide for safe and comfortable internal environments against
existing external and unwanted internal conditions for any given human
activity. Such as Noise, weather condition like rain water and snow
And most important privacy.

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 Cont.……
3) And this must be done quite economically.
We cannot go on to do any amount of expenditure we like, to
construct such a space. This is the difference between a
monumental structure and modern functional building.
Monumental structure like Taj Mahal was constructed by a king and he
was not bothered about the monitory implication of such a construction.
But modern functional construction must be done economically and
also, within a reasonable time.
4. Durability: for example, 50 years or whatever it is for a bridge it may
be 100 years.
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 Conti…..
 what about other structures like let us say, bridges.
 function of the bridge is to allow safe and smooth passage of traffic
over it, so that is the function of a bridge.

Similarly, let us say, dam.

 Function of a dam is to allow safe storage and distribution of water.
 Etc.
Functional Design : Overall dimensions.
 Structural Design: Size Detailing.

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Safety defined
 Safe against forces of nature like gravity wind, rain and
snowfall earthquake etc.
 Besides forces imparted due to human action.
 Examples of natural manmade environmental condition
 Manmade conditions internal and external noise ,accidental
initiation of fire. Generation of wastes odour and gases.

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Type of loads
 Some type of loads e g that due to self
Weight are deterministic.(steady).
Some are deterministic but may change with time e.g.
loads due to furniture ,occupant and machinery etc.
Some are un- certain transitory in nature e.g. seismic
load and wind load (dynamic transitory).

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 2. Materials and properties
 1.1 Introduction of materials
Building materials have an important role to play in this modern age
of technology. Although their most important use is in construction
activities, no field of engineering is conceivable without their use.
 There are certain general factors which affect the choice of
materials for a particular scheme.
 The most important of these are:
 The climatic background.
 Economic aspect.
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1.2: Physical properties

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1.3: Mechanical properties and their behaviors

 Terminology
 Load - The force applied to a material during testing.
 Engineering stress - The applied load, or force, divided by
the original cross-sectional area of the material.
 Engineering strain - The amount that a material deforms per
unit length in a tensile test.
 Strain gage or Extensometer - A device used for
measuring change in length (strain).
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Elasticity
It is the property of a material which enables it to regain its
original shape and size after deformation within the elastic
limit. However, in nature no material is perfectly elastic, i.e., a
certain limit exists for every material beyond which it will not be
able to regain its original shape and size.

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Examples elasticity of materials

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Cont.….

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 Plasticity

• It is the ability of material to be permanently deformed
(without fracture) even after the load is removed. To some
extent all materials are plastic. This property of a material,
which is extreme opposite of elasticity, is of importance in
deciding manufacturing processes like forming, shaping
operations etc.

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Examples Plasticity of materials

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 Ductility
 It is defined as the property of a metal by virtue of which it
can be elongated before rupture takes place. It is the
deformation produced in a material at the breaking point and
measured by the percentage of elongation and the
percentage of reduction in area before rupture of test piece.
Its value is expressed as elongation, i.e., percentage
elongation is most widely used to measure ductility.

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Examples Ductility of materials

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 Thank you
END OF THE CHAPTER
YES PLEASE ANY
QUESTIONS

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