Medicinal

Chemistry- III
(PD-713)
By
Dr. Sana Shamim
Ph.D (Pharmaceutical Chemistry)
H.E.C Approved Supervisor
Assistant Professor
D.C.O.P
D.U.H.S
MedicinalChemistry
III (713)

LECTURE : ANTIBACTERIAL ANTIBIOTICS

Lecture 01
22-01-2020

By
Dr. Sana Shamim
Ph.D (Pharmaceutical Chemistry)
H.E.C Approved Supervisor
Assistant Professor
D.C.O.P
D.U.H.S
Antibiotics
 It is the product of metabolism or of synthetic origin ( as the structural
analogue of natural occurring A.B)
 It antagonize the growth & survival of one or more specie of pathogenic micro-
organism or neoplastic tissue.
 It is effective in low dose without causing significant toxic effect to host
Antibiotics
 Basic structure, mechanism of action, Structure activity
relationship of the following
 Penicillin Cephalosporin
 Aminoglycosides Tetracyclines
 Macrolides Chloramphenicol
Classification:
1. On the basis of spectrum: Narrow & Broad
2. According to site of action:
a. Cell wall synthesis inhibitor
b. Cell membrane inhibitors
c. Protein synthesis inhibitor (a. 30S b. 50S)
d. Nucleic acid inhibitors
e. DNA or RNA inhibitors
3. Classification according chemical
structure similarity
▫ I. ß-Lactam antibiotcs

▫ II . The Aminoglycoside Antibiotics

▫ III . The Macrolide Antibiotics

▫ IV : Antibiotics with fused ring systems:

▫ V. Lincomycins

▫ VI. Polyenes Antibiotics (Antifungal Antibiotics)

▫ VII .Polypeptide Antibiotics

▫ VIII. Unclassified antibiotics

 I. BETA-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS
(inhibitors of cell wall synthesis)

Their structure contains a beta-lactam ring.

The major subdivisions are:
(a) penicillins whose official names
usually include or end in “cillin”
(b) cephalosporins which are
recognized by the inclusion
of “cef” or “ceph” in their
official names.
(c) carbapenems (e.g. meropenem,
imipenem)
(d) monobactams (e.g. aztreonam)
(e) beta-lactamase inhibitors (e.g.
clavulanic acid, sulbactam).
Penicillin
A. FLEMING I. PENICILLINS
(1881–1955)
•Penicillin G
- P. notatum

(1929)
 Penicillin
•First antibiotic to be used clinically in 1941
•One of the least toxic antibiotic even today
•Obtained from
Penicillium notatum (Early)
Penicillium chrysogenum (Now, Better Yield)

•Scientists- Fleming – Chain – Florey

•Original Penicillin –
•Penicillin G, Benzyl Penicillin ( R is Benzyl (CH2C6H5) )
 Chemistry
•Penicillin nucleus consists of
•Thiazolidine ring (Ring A)-
•Sulphur containing with COOH (Carboxyl group),
•Beta lactam ring (Ring B) – (Broken by Betalactamase)
•Side chain is attached at position – 6- (NHCOR)

•Side chains attached through amide linkage. (Broken by Amidase)

Ring B Ring A
Refrences

 Wilson Gisvold, 11th edition,Antibacterial anti-biotics,

page # 340-347
 Foye’s medicinal chemistry , sixth edition, pg no, 1028.
 Support material
 http://rxpharmaworld.blogspot.com/2017/02/antibioti
cs-lactam-antibioticspenicilli.html
 https://pharmafactz.com/medicinal-chemistry-of-beta-
lactam-antibiotics/