Towards Introducing Electric

Vehicles in Pakistan
Dr. Naveed Arshad
Associate Professor of Computer Science
Energy Institute
Lahore University of Management Sciences

September 2018
Contents
• Transportation Sector Overview
• Importance of EVs for Pakistan
• EV Regulations and Policy Recommendations
Automobile Fastest growing
industry of the
Major players right
now SUZUKI, TOYOTA
216,786 cars sold
last year
1,931,340 bikes sold
last year
country & HONDA
Industry of
Pakistan
10,093 buses & Accounts for 4% Employment
trucks sold last year Pakistan’s GDP workforce of 3.5
million people
 High Growth in Transportation Sector 2018-2025
Number of Cars Number of Bikes Number of Buses Number of Trucks
(in Millions) (in Millions) (in Millions) (in Millions)
9.1 0.19 0.36
12.9
7.2 0.29

7.6

0.16

70% 26.4% 18.8% 24.1%

Major Automobile Manufacturers in Pakistan
2018 2020

Toyota Indus Hyundai-Nishat

Honda Kia-lucky Motors

Suzuki Motors United Motor

Regal Automobile

Renault

Khalid Mushtaq Motors

Sazgar Engineering Works

Changan (Master Motors)

Al Haj FAW Motors

EV 30@30 Initiative
Countries Initiatives and Targets
China − 5% annual sales of Electric Vehicle per year
− Increase 20% further by 2025 and continue into 2030
Finland − 250000 EVs
− 30% bio fuels and 50000 gas fueled vehicles
− Aiming to quickly have 5 to 7 EV friendly cities
France − 7 million charging points for PHEVs and EVs.
India − 30 % PHEVs and EVs by 2030.
Japan − 20-30% EVs and PHEVs by 2030.
Mexico − 22% reduction of its greenhouse gas emissions.
− Energy Transition Law; aiming to transform to a sustainable energy systems.
Netherlands − 10% zero-emission capable vehicles to new customers by 2020.
− 30% EVs to customers by 2025
− EUR 7.2 million for public charging infrastructure.
Norway − 40% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2030
− 29% electric car market share and 130000 electric vehicles on road by the end of 2016
Sweden − 70% reduction of transport emissions by 2030.
− Aim to become one of the world’s first fossil free vehicle fleet welfare nations.
Importance of EVs for Pakistan
• Excess Energy
Production 2018-
2025 Scenario
• Capacity Payments
Issue
 Import Fuel Bill
(in USD Billions)

30.7
28.2
25.7
23.2
20.7
18.3
15.7
13.3
10.6
8.4

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
source: http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2017/10/19/558821792/report-pollution-kills-3-times-more-than-aids-tb-and-malaria-combined
Emissions in Pakistan

Source: National Economic & Environmental Development Study (NEEDS), 2011

 Emissions from Transportation in Pakistan
• Types of Emissions
• CO2
• SO2
• NOx
• PM10
• PM25

4th Most Vulnerable Country from Climate Change

Electric Vehicle Types
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle
(PHEV)
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle Electric
motor and ICE engine
Electric range 10-40 miles
Blended electric/gas at higher speeds
2-9 kWh
Ex: Prius Plug-in
All types are considered PEVs, or plug-in electric vehicles
Extended Range Electric Vehicle
(EREV)
Electric vehicle with “Extended Range”
All electric for 35-40 miles
Gas generated for 300+ miles
8-10 kWh
Ex: Chevy VOLT
Battery Electric Vehicle
(BEV)
Battery electric vehicle - Powered by
electricity only
Electric range for 80-300
Zero emissions
16-85 kWh
Ex: Nissan LEAF, Tesla S
Comparison of FFV and EV

Toyota Corolla Altis 1.6 Hyundai Ioniq EV (28 KW)

MSRP Rs. 19,704,20 Rs. 28,163,70
Taxes / Duty / Registration 5,712,60 Rs. 0
Maintenance 50,000 (Rs.) 0
Average 11 (km/L) NA
Cost of Fuel 100 (Rs./L) 20 (Rs./kWh)
Range with Full Tank/Battery 550 km 200 km
Price per KM after 200k km Rs. 22.05 Rs. 18.6

Fuel Saved 0 14,181 Ltr

Emissions Avoided 0 50 tonnes CO2
Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure

AC Charging DC Fast Charging

Home, Fleet and Public Use Public and Large Fleet Use

Type Level-1 Level-2

200-500V, up to 40 kW 200-500V, up to 100kW
(80 amp) (200 amp)
Power 120V, 1.4 kW @ 12 amp 240V, up to 19.2 kW
120V, 1.9 kW @ 16 amp (80 amp)

Charge Time 3.3 kW – 10 to 14 miles

6.6 kW – 20 to 25 miles
(Miles of range per 40 kW – up to 120 100 kW – up to 300
3 to 5 miles 9.6 kW – 40 to 45 miles
hour of charge) miles miles
19.2 kW – up to 60
miles

Cost and complexity tends to increase the faster the charging level.
Charging Locations
• More than 80 percent of
residential and fleet charging is
done at “home”
– “Home refueling,” charging
overnight at home for personal
vehicles and at work for fleet
vehicles
• Workplace charging is on the rise
and supports electric vehicle
adoption
– Provides charge for those without
dedicated home charging
– Extends daily range
• Public: Allows for mass adoption
– Relieves “range anxiety”
– BEST in destination locations or
along major highway corridors
EV Load on the Utility Grid
EV Regulations and Policy Considerations - 1
• EV Load Forecasts
• Simulations and Scenarios for
• Cars, Buses, Trucks, Motorcycles and (Trains)
• Power requirements and power system readiness

• Import and Investment Policies for

• Short, Medium and Long Term
• CBUs
• SKDs
• CKDs
• Local Manufacturing
EV Regulations and Policy Considerations - 2
• Rationalization of Cost of Ownership
• One time duties and taxes and recurrent duties and taxation
• Tax benefits, rebates and subsidies
• Corporate and individuals

• Charging Infrastructure
• Placements of commercial charging stations
• Home based and opportunity based charging
• Metering and billing
EV Regulations and Policy Considerations - 3
• Software in EV
• Computer on wheels
• Total self-contained vs. total open
• Security and privacy considerations

• EV policies should be consistent

• Federal vs. Provincial
• FBR and Ministries of Industries, Investment, Commerce and Trade, Energy,
Climate Change
• Power Sector Entities
 EV Regulations and Policy Considerations - 4
• Demand-side Management Potential
• Load management of simultaneous car charging
• Car batteries have huge potential for small-scale distributed storage
• G2V and V2G for
• Peak shaving 10.2 kW
• Valley filling
HVAC
• Potential to Use Energy Markets

5.3 kW EV

• Salvage and Replacement of EV Components

• Minimum impact of environment
• Refurbishing of components
EV Simulator Demo