RESONANCE

A condition in a RLC (Resistor-Inductor-Capacitor) circuit

in which the capacitive and inductive reactances are
equal in magnitude, thereby resulting in a purely
resistive impedance.

Resonance
Series resonance
 Figure 14.21
Series Resonant Circuit
Considering the RLC circuit shown in the figure above in frequency domain,
the input impedance is
𝑉𝑠 1
𝑍=𝐻 𝜔 = = 𝑅 + 𝑗𝜔𝐿 +
𝐼 𝑗𝜔𝐶
1
𝑍 = 𝑅 + 𝑗 𝜔𝐿 −
𝜔𝐶

1
𝑍 = 𝜔𝐿 − =0
𝜔𝐶
Resonant condition
1
𝜔0 𝐿 =
𝜔0 𝐶

Resonant Frequency
1
𝜔0 =
𝐿𝐶

Since 𝜔0 = 2𝜋𝑓0 ,

1
𝑓0 =
2𝜋 𝐿𝐶
Note that at Resonance:

1. Z=R
The impedance is purely resistive. Entire voltage is at R.

2. V and I are in phase, p.f is unity

3. 𝐻 𝜔 = 𝑍 𝜔 is minimum

4. 𝑉𝐿 and 𝑉𝐶 can be much higher than 𝑉𝑆

Which is evident from the fact that

The frequency response of the circuit’s current magnitude
The average power dissipated by the RLC circuit is

𝑉𝑚
The highest power dissipated occurs at resonance, when 𝐼 = , so that
𝑅

At certain frequencies 𝜔 = 𝜔1 , 𝜔2 , the dissipated power is half the

maximum value; that is

Hence, 𝜔1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜔2 are half-power frequencies

The half-power frequencies are obtained by setting Z = 2𝑅

Solving for 𝜔, we obtain

We can relate the half-power frequencies with the resonant frequency

Bandwidth (Β)
- is the difference between two half-power frequencies
- determines the width of the response curve

Half power bandwidth

Quality factor 𝑸
refers to the quantitative measure of the “sharpness” of
the resonance in a resonant circuit.

It is also regarded as a measure of the energy storage property

of a circuit in relation to its energy dissipation property.
 The relationship of bandwidth Β
and quality factor 𝑄 is given by
the equations above.

Quality factor 𝑸
ratio of a resonant
circuit’s resonant
frequency to its
bandwidth
The selectivity of an RLC
circuit is the ability of a
circuit to respond to a
certain frequency and
discriminate against all other
frequencies

High-𝑄 circuit
𝑄 ≥ 10
 Resonant circuit is characterized by 5 related
parameters:

 Two half-power frequencies 𝜔1 and 𝜔2

 Resonant frequency 𝜔0

 Bandwidth Β

 Quality factor 𝑄