Presented By: SANTOSH KUMAR NATH

Enrollment No: MT19MCL010

Course: Master of Technology (M.Tech.)
SUBJECT: NOVEL SEPARATION PROCESSES

Department of Chemical Engineering

Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur
 Source:- https://www.indiamart.com/
It is a member of a class of organic compounds that are given the general name alcohols.
Also called ethyl alcohol, or simply alcohol.
Volatile, flammable, colorless liquid with a slight characteristic odor.
Principal active ingredient found in alcoholic drinks.
Naturally produced by the fermentation of sugars by yeasts or via petrochemical processes.
Commonly consumed as a popular recreational drug.
Widely used as a chemical solvent, either for scientific chemical testing or in synthesis of other organic compounds,
and is a vital substance used across many different kinds of manufacturing industries.
Also used as an alternative fuel source.

Source:- https://en.wikipedia.org/
Source:- https://www.vectorstock.com/
STRUCTURE OF ETHANOL

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PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Properties Pure Ethanol
Chemical Formula C2H6O
Molar Mass 46.069 g/mol
Appearance Colourless liquid

Source:- https://en.wikipedia.org/
Density 0.7893 g/cc (at 20 °C)
Melting Point −114.14 °C
Boiling Point 78.24 °C
Solubility in Water Completely miscible
Viscosity 1.2 mPa-s (at 20 °C)
Refractive Index 1.36
Flash Point 14 °C
Vapour Density 1.59
Specific Gravity 0.79
Dipole Moment 1.69 D
 APPLICATIONS
MEDICAL: FUEL:
• ANTISEPTIC • ENGINE FUEL
• ANTIDOTE • ROCKET FUEL
• MEDICINAL SOLVENT • FUEL CELLS

RECREATIONAL SOLVENT
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FEEDSTOCK LOW-TEMPERATURE LIQUID

Source:- https://en.wikipedia.org/
 MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
Ethanol is produced both as a petrochemical, through the hydration of ethylene, as well as via biological processes, by fermenting sugars with yeast.
(I). Ethylene hydration (Production of Synthetic Ethanol)
Ethanol for use as an industrial feedstock or solvent is made from petrochemical feed stocks, primarily by the acid-catalyzed hydration of ethylene.
Chemical reaction:
C2H4 + H2O  CH3CH2OH
(II). Fermentation (Production of Bio-ethanol)
Ethanol in alcoholic beverages and fuel is produced by fermentation. Certain species of yeast (e.g., Saccharomyces cerevisiae) metabolize sugar,
producing ethanol and carbon dioxide.
Chemical reactions:
C6H12O6  2CH3CH2OH + 2CO2
C12H22O11 + H2O  4CH3CH2OH + 4CO2

Source:- https://en.wikipedia.org/
 RAW MATERIALS FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION
SUCROSE CONTAINING MATERIALS:
• SUGARCANE

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• SUGAR BEET
• SUGAR SORGHUM

STARCHY MATERIALS:
• CORN
• OTHER STARCHY MATERIALS

LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS

Source:- https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/
 ETHANOL MARKET
OVERVIEW

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The ethanol market is expected to register a CAGR of around
6%, during the forecast period.

The major factors driving the growth of the market studied are
the rising demand for ethanol as biofuel, growing to use in
beer production and food processing, and stringent
government policies to restrict the usage of fossil fuels.
On the flip side, an increase in awareness about the ill effects
of alcohol consumption, and the advent of hybrid electric
vehicles are likely to hamper the growth of the market
studied.

Source:- https://www.mordorintelligence.com/
Major Observations:
The fuel segment dominated the market and is  Industrial Solvent
 Bactericide/Disinfectant
likely to grow during the forecast period,  Beverages

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owing to increased practice of ethanol blending  Personal Care
 Others
with gasoline across the world.
The surging demand to produce ethanol from
corn and sugar is likely to provide
opportunities for the market studied, during
the forecast period.
North America dominated the market across
the world, due to increasing regulations and
rising demand for the food processing industry.

Source:- https://www.mordorintelligence.com/