EVOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL

RELATIONS
 EVOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL
SYSTEMS
1. AGRARIAN ECONOMY STAGE-
 Developed during the middle ages.
 Change in the views on property.
 Master-servant relation.
2. HANDICRAFTS STAGE-
 Innovation in the careers of workers.
 Apprenticeship by artisans.
 Development of craft-guilds.

3. COTTAGE OR PUTTING-OUT STAGE-

 Payment on piece-work basis.
4. FACTORY or the INDUSTRIAL
CAPITALISM STAGE-
 Rise of industrial revolutions.
 Deplorable living and working conditions.
 Maximisation of profits.
 OCCUPATIONS IN ANCIENT INDIA

1. Agriculture
2. Trading
3. Manual services
INFLUENCE OF CASTE SYSTEM
 LABOUR IN MEDIEVAL INDIA

 Effect of foreign invasions.

 Introduction of karkhanas.
 Patronisation of skilled craftsmen.
GUILDS AND UNIONS
 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS

1. IR in the early British rule-

 Industrial capitalism in Europe
 Agricultural population in India.
 Passing of Factories Act in 1881.
 First Labour Association established in
1890.
2. World wars to pre-independence period-
 Emergence of strikes.

 Establishment of various labour acts.

 Increase in number of trade unions.

3. Post independence era-
 5 year plans stressed on the importance
of industrial peace.
 The Industrial Disputes Act amended in
1947, the Bonus Act passed in 1965.
 INDIAN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
SYSTEM
 Employers consider trade unions as a
necessary evil of the industrial system.
 Trade unions perceive their main task is to
challenge management decisions.
 Trade unions poorly organised.
 Disagreement over scope of collective
bargaining and negotiation process.
 Centralised bargaining between employers
and unions.
 Employers are highly organised.
 Indian IRS changing with time.
THANK YOU