NON-VERBAL

COMMUNICATION
CADUA, CHARINA MARIE
ARENZANA, AIMEE
REDOVAN, SARAH KAY
RIÑOS, WENDELL VON
 What is Non-Verbal
Communication ?
Is the process of sending and receiving
messages without using words
It includes apparent behavior such as facial
expressions, body language, posture, etc.
 VERBAL VS. NON-VERBAL
Verbal Communication Vs. Non-verbal Communication
 HISTORY RESEARCH ON NONVERBAL
COMMUNICATION
1872
- the first book in nonverbal communication and behavior “ The Expression
of the Emotions in Man and Animals” by Charles Darwin

1920’s
-there was a halt research in nonverbal communication as attention was
diverted to behaviorism and B.F Skinners work

1950’s
- nonverbal communication came back in the mainstream
- began in 1955 by Adam Kendon, Albert Scheflen, and Ray Birdwhistell
1960’s
-explosion of information and studies in the mid 60’s
 Argyle and Dean
- relationship between eye contact and conversational distance
 Ralph V. Exline
- patterns of eye contact
 Robert Sommer
- studied in personal space and the environment
 Albert Mehrabian
- Studied nonverbal cues of liking and immediacy
AREAS OF NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
 Areas of Non-Verbal Communication

Chronemics
Haptics
Oculesics
Proxemics
Kinesics
Objectics
 Chronemics

 The study of how human beings

communicate through their use
of time.
 Thomas J. Bureau of Radford
University coined the term
“Chronemics” in the late 1970’s to
help define the function of time in
human interaction.
 These understanding vary from
culture to culture and person to
person.
 Haptics
It is a type of communication
that is expressed through
touch.
It is a form of nonverbal
communication and the way
by which people and animals
communicate via touch.
Touch is the most effective
means to communicate
feelings and emotions.
Touch in Humans

Tactile communication in the early stages of life

may establish the foundation of all other forms
of communication that humans later develop.
 As one grows older, the frequency of touch
decreases.
Touch sometimes help better than verbal
communication.
 Categories of Touch
 Friendship-Warmth Touch – lets another person know we
care for, value, and have an interest in her or him.
 Professional-Functional Touch – Managers should know the
effectiveness of using touch while communicating to
subordinates, but need to be cautious and understand how
touch can be misunderstood. A hand on the shoulder for
one person may mean a supportive gesture, while it could
mean a sexual advance to another person.
 Social-Polite Touch – serves to communicate a limited form
of interpersonal involvement. We touch another person as
more than a mere object.
 Categories of Touch
 Love-Intimacy Touch – may include caressing the cheek,
holding another person around the waist, hugging,
embracing, kissing, and many other gestures that signal a
particularly close and involved association between
individuals.
 Public touch can serve as a ‘tie sign’ that shows
others that your partner is “taken”
Touching between married couples may help
maintain good relationship.
 Sexual-Arousal Touch – often equated with intimate touch.
Is the most intense form of touch. It also may be the most
communicative.
 Oculesics

The study of eye contact in

communication.
Oculesics is a technical term
for eye contact.
It is how and how much do
we look at others when
communicating.
Oculesics

 Eye contact can signal that :

You are paying attention.
You respect the person you are speaking
with.
As well as a variety of different emotions.
Oculesics
 A majority of people in the U.S & other Western culture
expect those with whom they are communicating to
“look them in the eyes.”
Japan for instance, prolonged eye contact considered
rude, disrespectful, and threatening. Similarly in China
and Indonesia too much of direct eye is a sign of bad
manners.
Middle Eastern countries, people tend to use continuous
and direct eye contact with others to show keen
interest.
Native Americans tend to avoid eye contact with
superiors as a sign of respect for their authority.
 Proxemics
 The study of human use of space
and the effects that population
density has on behavior,
communication, and social
interaction.
 Edward T. Hall , the cultural
anthropologist who coined this term
in 1963. Proxemics remains a hidden
component of interpersonal
communication that is uncovered
through observation and strongly
influenced by culture.
 Types of Proxemics
 Public space- is the space that characterizes how close we sit or
stand to someone, like a public figure or public speaker. It is about
12 - 25 feet away.
 Social space- this is the kind of space you're probably in if you're
talking to a colleague or a customer at work. It is about 4 - 12
feet away.
 Personal space- is even closer. In this case, you're probably about
1 - 4 feet away from someone. This is reserved for talking to friends
or family.
 Intimate space- is for people who you are very close to. In this
case, you're probably less than a foot away and you might even
be touching the other person. This is the space you're in with a
romantic partner, for example.
Proxemics
 Kinesics

The study of movements used in communication.

Involves Facial Expressions, Hand Gestures and
Body Language
 Objectics

The study of objects

or artifacts used in
communication.
This also involves
fashion of different
cultures
NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION MODEL
 Communication model by Albert Mehrabian
Three basic elements
 Words spoken (Verbal) – 7%
That which is literally being said. The spoken
word is part of the verbal communication in
this and the intonation and body language
are both part of the non-verbal
communication.
 Intonation (Vocal) – 38%
How something is said (use of voice).
Intonation is the vocal factor and body
language the vocal factor.
 Body language (Visual) – 55%
Which posture, facial expressions and
gestures someone uses.
 Communication model by Albert Mehrabian

 We communicate globally with

one another by means of
language, gestures, signs and
pictograms.
 The non-verbal elements in the
communication model show a
person’s feelings and opinions.
NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION SKILL
EXAMPLES
 Avoid slouching. Sit with your back straight up against the chair or
lean slightly forward to convey engagement.
 Steer clear of smiles or laughter when messages are serious.
 Display some animation with your hands and facial expressions to
project a dynamic presence. (But avoid talking with your hands
excessively, which can appear unprofessional and unpolished.)
 Don’t bring your phone, a drink, or anything else that could
distract you during an interview or meeting.
 Eliminate fidgeting and shaking of limbs.
 Establish frequent but not continuous or piercing eye contact with
interviewers.
 Focus on the conversation.
 In a group interview, shift eye contact to the various speakers.
 Introduce yourself with a smile and a firm handshake. Be sure that
your palms are dry.
 Keep your hands away from your face and hair.
 Listen carefully, and do not interrupt.
 Maintain open arms—folded arms can convey defensiveness.
 Modulate your vocal tone to express excitement and
punctuate key points.
 Nod to demonstrate understanding.
 Observe the reaction of others to your statements.
 Read the nonverbal signals of others. Provide clarification if
they look confused, and wrap up if they have heard enough.
 Refrain from forced laughter in response to humor.
 Avoid looking at the clock, your phone, or displaying any other
signs of disinterest.
Respect the amount of personal space preferred by
your communication partners.
Rotate eye contact with various speakers in group
interviewing or networking situations.
Shake hands firmly without excessive force.
Show that you’re interested in what the interviewer is
telling you.
Smile to indicate that you are amused or pleased with
the conversation.
Stay calm even when you’re nervous.
Steer clear of monotone delivery.
Wait until the person is done talking to respond.
IMPORTANCE OF NON-
VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Non-verbal communication is important in
expressing our emotions.

Emotions such as happy,

satisfied, confident,
surprised, eager, tired,
stressed, sad etc. These are
almost all expressed through
different body gestures and
face. We are able to
understand each other up
on judging each other’s
expression.
It plays vital role in communicating
interpersonal relationships.
Through interpersonal communication we can
establish trust in relationships and help
determine a person’s fidelity. And these are
possible only through using verbal and non-
verbal communication mode. Interpersonal
communication includes communications that
occurs with our words and through our tone of
voice, posture and facial expressions.
 For example if someone cries, it indicate that
something has happened to him or her and others
will be able to help it.

Non-verbal gestures are what our recipients

see in the first place, even before a single word
is heard. These figurative messages can be a
visual sign of feeling, but our words convey a
different message. Using non-verbal cues help
in expressing meaning, to navigate
complicated state of affairs and build strong
relationship for us at home or work. Thus,
expression of the face becomes basic mode of
non-verbal communication among people.
 It is also found by many researchers that non-verbal
interpersonal communication like body language may
communicate 93 percent of our attitudes and beliefs.
We use language in verbal communication to
communicate precise messages.
Non-verbal communication involves any other
information that we send and receive from others
including our body language, eye contact or how we
say a particular message. So, this also indicates that
non-verbal is equally important as verbal in our daily
life.
Non-verbal communication is main supporter of
verbal interaction.
In fact they supplement each other and give full meaning.
Because non-verbal communication can repeat the spoken
message: contradict the message that individual is trying to
convey; emphasize the message, substitute or complement
meaning to make it understand clearly.
For example, when the class teacher comes across his student
with frowning face seeking permission to take rest, he would
immediately grant permission because he saw how much the
student was suffering not only by hearing the reason, but more by
judging students facial expression.
This is also another prove that prove equal importance of non-
verbal communication to verbal communication.
Non-verbal communication also reflects
individual’s personality.
“Personality is the entire mental organization of a human being at any
stage of his development. It embraces every phase of human character:
intellect, temperament, skill, morality, and every attitude that has been built up
in the course of one’s life.” (Warren & Carmichael, 1930, p. 333).
So according to the above definition personality concerns the most vital,
obvious parts of an individual’s psychological life: it concerns whether a person
is sad or happy, lethargic or active, brainy or tedious. And these are all aspects
of non-verbal communication because we are able to define person’s
personality through judging their facially expressed emotions and behaviors. For
example, my friend wouldn’t tell all his personality orally. However, more than
that, I will come to know his detail personality upon judging his daily behaviors
and emotional expression. Therefore, this shows that nonverbal communication
speaks more than verbal communication in our life.
Non-verbal communication plays greater role in
performing rituals such as greetings and
goodbyes.
The smile we smile as soon as we see someone we recognize
from distant itself tells a lot about importance of non verbal
communication. Similarly, waving our hand indicating good
bye is another example of non verbal communication.
Nonetheless, nodding or shaking our head indicates accepting
or refusing when others tell something or offers something.
These are some of the details about how non-verbal
communication interacts with verbal communication through
the process of reinforcement, contradiction, and substitution,
complementing or emphasizing.
10 TIPS FOR IMPROVING
YOUR NONVERBAL
COMMUNICATION
1. Pay Attention to Nonverbal Signals

People can communicate information in

numerous ways, so pay attention to things like
eye contact, gestures, posture, body
movements, and tone of voice. All of these
signals can convey important information that is
not put into words.
 2. Look for Incongruent Behaviors
If someone's words do not match their
nonverbal behaviors, you should pay
careful attention. For example, someone
might tell you they are happy while
frowning and staring at the ground.

Research has shown that when words fail to match up with nonverbal
signals, people tend to ignore what has been said and focus instead on
unspoken expressions of moods, thoughts, and emotions. So when
someone says one thing, but his or her body language seems to suggest
something else, it can be useful to pay extra attention to those subtle
nonverbal cues.
3. Concentrate on Your Tone of Voice
When Speaking
Your tone of voice can convey a wealth of information,
ranging from enthusiasm to disinterest to anger. Start noticing
how your tone of voice affects how others respond to you and
try using your tone to emphasize ideas that you want to
communicate.

 For example, if you want to show genuine interest in

something, express your enthusiasm by using an animated
tone of voice. Such signals not only convey your feelings
about a topic; they can also help generate interest in the
people listening to you speak.
 4. Use Good Eye Contact
Good eye contact is another essential nonverbal
communication skill. When people fail to look others in the eye,
it can seem as if they are evading or trying to hide something.
On the other hand, too much eye contact can seem
confrontational or intimidating.
While eye contact is an important part of communication, it's
important to remember that good eye contact does not mean
staring fixedly into someone's eyes. How can you tell how much
eye contact is correct?
Some communication experts recommend intervals of eye
contact lasting four to five seconds. Effective eye contact
should feel natural and comfortable for both you and the
person you are speaking with.
 5. Ask Questions About Nonverbal Signals

If you are confused about another person's nonverbal signals,

don't be afraid to ask questions. A good idea is to repeat back
your interpretation of what has been said and ask for
clarification. An example of this might be, "So what you are
saying is that..."
Sometimes simply asking such questions can lend a great
deal of clarity to a situation. For example, a person might be
giving off certain nonverbal signals because he has something
else on his mind. By inquiring further into his message and intent,
you might get a better idea of what he is really trying to say.
6. Use Signals to Make Communication
More Meaningful
Remember that verbal and nonverbal communication work
together to convey a message. You can improve your spoken
communication by using body language that reinforces and
supports what you are saying. This can be especially useful when
making presentations or when speaking to a large group of
people.
For example, if your goal is to appear confident and prepared
during a presentation, you will want to focus on sending
nonverbal signals that ensure that others see you as self-assured
and capable. Standing firmly in one place, shoulder back, and
your weight balanced on both feet is a great way to strike a
confident pose.
7. Look at Signals as a Whole

Another important part of good nonverbal

communication skills involves being able to take a more
holistic approach to what a person is communicating. A
single gesture can mean any number of things, or maybe
even nothing at all.
The key to accurately reading nonverbal behavior is to
look for groups of signals that reinforce a common point. If
you place too much emphasis on just one signal out of
many, you might come to an inaccurate conclusion about
what a person is trying to say.
 8. Consider the Context
When you are communicating with others, always consider the
situation and the context in which the communication occurs.
Some situations require more formal behaviors that might be
interpreted very differently in any other setting.
Consider whether or not nonverbal behaviors are appropriate
for the context. If you are trying to improve your own nonverbal
communication, concentrate on ways to make your signals
match the level of formality necessitated by the situation.
For example, the body language and nonverbal
communication you utilize at work are probably very different
from the sort of signals you would send on a casual Friday night
out with friends. Strive to match your nonverbal signals to the
situation to ensure that you are conveying the message you really
want to send.
9. Be Aware That Signals Can be Misread

According to some, a firm handshake indicates a

strong personality while a weak handshake is taken as a
lack of fortitude. This example illustrates an important point
about the possibility of misreading nonverbal signals. A
limp handshake might actually indicate something else
entirely, such as arthritis.
Always remember to look for groups of behavior. A
person's overall demeanor is far more telling than a single
gesture viewed in isolation.
10. Practice, Practice, Practice

Some people just seem to have a knack for using

nonverbal communication effectively and correctly
interpreting signals from others. These people are often
described as being able to "read people."
In reality, you can build this skill by paying careful
attention to nonverbal behavior and practicing different
types of nonverbal communication with others. By noticing
nonverbal behavior and practicing your own skills, you can
dramatically improve your communication abilities.