SAMPLING DALAM PENELITIAN Ari Probandari

KUALITATIF
SAMPLING DALAM PENELITIAN
KUALITATIF
“Sampling aims to cover a range of potentially relevant social phenomena
and perspectives from an appropriate array of data sources.”

(Giacomini et al, 2000)

SAMPLING DALAM PENELITIAN KUALITATIF
“Purposeful sampling: cases for study (e.g. people, organizations,
communities, cultures, events, critical incidences) are selected
because they are ‘information rich’ and illuminative, that is, they
offer useful manifestations of the phenomenon, not empirical
generalization from a sample to population” (Patton, 2002)
SAMPLING DALAM PENELITIAN KUALITATIF
“bukan keterwakilan jumlah, melainkan keterwakilan informasi/ makna”
BERBAGAI JENIS SAMPLING DALAM PENELITIAN
KUALITATIF
Snow ball or chain sampling
Maximum variation sampling
Extreme or deviant case sampling
Homogenous sampling
Typical case sampling
Critical case sampling
Intensity sampling
Theory based sampling
Criterion sampling
Confirming and disconfirming
cases sampling Convenience sampling
Mixed or combination sampling
EXTREME OR DEVIANT CASE SAMPLING
“Purpose: learn from highly unusual manifestations of the phenomenon of interest.”
(Milles and Huberman, 1994)

“Selecting cases that are information rich because they are unusual or special in
some way, such as outstanding successess or notable failures” (Patton, 2002)
TYPICAL CASE SAMPLING
“Purpose: highlights what is normal or average.” (Milles and Huberman, 1994)
INTENSITY SAMPLING
“Purpose: information rich cases that manifest the phenomenon intensely but not
extremely.” (Milles and Huberman, 1994; Patton, 2002)
Fenomena “ batas bawah dan batas atas suatu rata-rata”
ILUSTRASI Extreem case
Extreem case Intensity
Intensity Typical
MAXIMUM VARIATION SAMPLING
“Purpose: documents diverse variations and identifies important
common patterns” (Milles and Huberman, 1994)
“...aims at capturing and describing the central themes that cut
accross a great deal of variation.” (Patton, 2002)
HOMOGENOUS SAMPLING
“Purpose: focuses, reduces, simplifies group interviewing.” (Milles and Huberman,
1994)

“... the purpose of which is to describe some particular subgroup indepth.” (Patton,
2002)
CRITICAL CASE SAMPLING
“Purpose: permits logical generalization and maximum application of information to
other cases.” (Milles and Huberman, 1994)

“Critical cases are that can make a point quite dramatically or are particularly
important in the scheme of things.” (Patton, 2002)
THEORY BASED SAMPLING
“Purpose: find examples of a theoritical construct and thereby elaborate on and
examine it.” (Milles and Huberman, 1994)
CONFIRMING AND DISCOMFIRMING CASES
“Purpose: elaborate on initial analysis, seek exceptions, looking for variation.”
(Milles and Huberman, 1994)
SNOWBALL OR CHAIN SAMPLING
“Purpose: identifies cases of interest from people who know what cases are
information-rich.” (Milles and Huberman, 1994)
 “for locating information-rich key informants or critical cases.”
 Process: “who knows a lot about ______? Whom should I talk to?”
CRITERION SAMPLING
“Purpose: all cases that meet some criterion; useful for quality assurance.” (Milles
and Huberman, 1994)
“to review and study all cases that meet some predetermined criterion of importance
...” (Patton, 2002)
CONVENIENCE SAMPLING
“Fast and convenience, yields information-poor cases.” (Patton, 2002)
MIXED OR COMBINATION
“Flexibility, meets multiple interest and needs.” (Milles and Huberman, 1994)
SAMPLING DALAM ETHNOGRAFI
“In ethnography, the main strategy is purposive sampling of a variety of key
informants, who are most knowledgeable about a culture and are able and willing to
act as representatives in revealing and interpreting the culture. For example, an
ethnographic study on the cultural influences of communication in maternity care will
recruit key informants from among a variety of parents-to-be, midwives and
obstetricians in midwifery care practices and hospitals.”

(Moser & Korstjens, 2018)

SAMPLING DALAM PHENOMENOLOGY
“Phenomenology uses criterion sampling, in which participants meet predefined
criteria. The most prominent criterion is the participant’s experience with the
phenomenon under study. The researchers look for participants who have shared an
experience, but vary in characteristics and in their individual experiences. For
example, a phenomenological study on the lived experiences of pregnant women
with psychosocial support from primary care midwives will recruit pregnant women
varying in age, parity and educational level in primary midwifery practices.”

(Moser & Korstjens, 2018)

SAMPLING DALAM GROUNDED THEORY
“Grounded theory usually starts with purposive sampling and later uses theoretical
sampling to select participants who can best contribute to the developing theory. As
theory construction takes place concurrently with data collection and analyses, the
theoretical sampling of new participants also occurs along with the emerging
theoretical concepts.”

(Moser & Korstjens, 2018)

REFERENSI
Creswell JW. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods
Approaches. Second Edition. Sage Publications. 2003
Moser A, Korstjens I. Series Practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 3:
Sampling, data collection and analysis. European Journal of General Practice 2018;
24(1): 9-18.
Patton MQ. Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods. 3rd Ed. Sage Publications;
2002.