Class 9 – Review of motion in 2D and 3D

Chapter 4 - Monday September 13th

•Exam instructions
•Brief review
•Example problems
Reading: pages 58 thru 75 (chapter 4) in HRW
Read and understand the sample problems
•Exam tonight: 8:20-10:20pm

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 Two-dimensional kinematics

Position: r  xˆi  yˆj  zkˆ

Displacement: r  r2  r1  xˆi  yˆj  zkˆ
dr dx ˆ dy ˆ dz ˆ
Velocity: v  i j k
dt dt dt dt

dv dvx ˆ dv y ˆ dvz ˆ
Acceleration: a  i j k
dt dt dt dt
 Projectile motion

x  x0   v0 cos 0  t 4  21

vx  v0 cos 0

y  y0   v0 sin  0  t  gt
1
2
2
4  22

v y  v0 sin  0  gt 4  23

v   v0 sin  0   2 g  y  y0  4  24
2 2
y
 Uniform circular motion
•Although v does not change, the
direction of the motion does, i.e.
the velocity (a vector) changes.
•Thus, there is an acceleration
associated with the motion.
•We call this a centripetal
acceleration.
v 2
2 r
Acceleration: a Period: T 
r v
1 1 v v
Frequency : f   ;   2 f 
T 2 r r
•Since v does not change, the acceleration must be
perpendicular to the velocity.
Analyzing the motion
x p  r cos y p  r sin 
r  x ˆi  y ˆj
p p

Uniform motion:
t
  2   2 f  t  t
T
 Note : 180  2 radians 
o

x p  r cos t y p  r sin t
Analyzing the motion
x p  r cos t y p  r sin t
dx p dy p
vx  vy 
dt dt

v x   r sin t v y  r cos t
v x  v sin t v y  v cos t
v  v ˆi  v ˆj
x y
v
v  r [remember,   ]
r
 Acceleration
dv  dv x  ˆ  dv y ˆ
a  i   j
dt  dt   dt 
= a x ˆi  a y ˆj

v x  v sin t v y  v cos t
a x  v cos t a y  v sin t
2 2
v v v
  a x   cos t a y   sin t
r r r
 recall : x p  r cos t y p  r sin t 
2
v v2
a  a x2  a 2y   cos    sin     v
2 2

r r
 Relative motion
Position:

rPA  rPB  rBA

Velocity:

drPA drPB drBA

vPA     vPB  vBA  vPB  vR
dt dt dt
Acceleration (if frame B is “inertial”):
dvPA dvPB dvR
aPA     aPB
dt dt dt