Welcome

Basics of Ultrasound Instruments

Function -
Generating the longitudinal vibration

Handpiece Overview

Irrigation and Aspiration

Channel

Sonotrode
Converter
Function -
Generating Longitudinal Vibration

• Electrical energy transformed into a mechanic vibration

• Sonotrode in resonance with Piezo electric converter

Converter: Piezo electric

Sonotrode

Ultrasound
Vibration
Frequencies

1 Herz
Amplitude

Time

Example for 35 kHz:

35 kHz = 35.000 Hz = 35.000 movements per second

Frequencies
Which Frequencies does Söring use?

Infrasound | Audible sound | Ultrasound

25 kHz | 35 kHz

Tissue Aspiration / Bone Cutting

Tissue Aspiration / Wound Debridement

Physical Effects –
Which physical effects are used?

• Cavitation for Tissue Aspiration and Wound

Debridement

• Mechanical abrasion for Bone Cutting

• Thermal effect (not for neuro and spine)

Physical Effects –
Cavitation 25/35 kHz

Cavitation

(lat. cavitare “to hollow out”) describes

the formation and disintegration of
cavities (steam bubbles) in liquids
caused by pressure fluctuations.
Physical Effects –
Cavitation 25/35 kHz

low pressure low pressure turn high pressure high pressure

1 Small gas bubbles appear

2 Liquid evaporates / gas bubbles grow
3 Shift
4 Unilateral inversion
5 Liquid perforates bubble / generates shock wave
Physical Effects –
Cavitation 25/35 kHz

Cavitation effect on a
ship‘s propeller.
Physical Effects –
Cavitation 25/35 kHz

The Energy of imploding bubbles:

• destroy cells

This effect is used for Ultrasonic Aspiration.

• breaks off biofilms (bacteria, dead tissue, pus).

This effect is used for Ultrasonic Wound Debridement (UAW).

Physical Effects –
Cavitation 25/35 kHz

Sonotrode for Aspiration

Amplitude

Cavitation in Tissue
Physical Effects –
Cavitation 25/35 kHz

Selectivity
Parenchym or
tumor tissue is
removed, blood
vessels remain
Physical Effects –
Cavitation 25 kHz

Cavitation Cleans Wound

Physical Effects –
Cavitation 25/35 kHz

Selectivity
Biofilm has been
removed,
Granulation tissue
is intact
Physical Effects –
Cavitation 25/35 kHz

Selectivity

• Hydrous cells, tumour cells and many bacteria are

destroyed
while

• blood vessels, granulation tissue and nerves are

preserved
Physical Effects –
Cavitation 25/35 kHz

IMPORTANT !
Cavitation only in liquids.

Without irrigation HEAT spreads!

Irrigation is needed to:

•transmit the energy
•cool down the working area
•transport the fragmented tissue and cells
Physical Effects –
Machanical Abrasion

Bone Cutting and Shaping

• Selective on bone (oscillating saw)
• No effect on soft tissue
• Low thermal damage
• Very Safe
What about hard tumors?

Soft Rubber Calcified Bone

GAP

Cavitation Mechanical
Gap is natural limitation to Abrasion
ultrasonic cavitation. Ther
surgeon needs to use other
methodes.
Thank you !