FAITH02

Values II: Values Education and

Citizen Participation

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The two images above defines the
difference between sexuality and
gender

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 What is Sex?

Biological differences between females and

males

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 What is Sex?

• Examples:
– Female have XX chromosome, while males have
XY chromosome

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Sexuality is a fundamental
aspect of human physiology.

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 What is Gender?

• Socio-cultural differences between women

and men
– the roles (mother/father, husband/wife)
– characteristics (values, personality traits,
behaviours, attitudes and interests)
– in different societal institutions (the family,
schools, workplaces and governments).

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 What is Gender?

• Gender roles and characteristics:

– learned and transmitted through socialisation;
– changeable over time; and
– have wide variations both within and between
societies and cultures.

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Gender sensitivity encompasses the ability to
acknowledge and highlight existing gender
differences, issues and inequalities, and
incorporate these into strategies and actions.

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Gender is a social and cultural
construct
;distinguishes differences in the
attributes of men and women
; the roles and responsibilities of men
and women
;It is a political choice.
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It includes expectations held
about the characteristics,
aptitudes and likely behaviors of
both women and men (femininity
and masculinity)

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Sexuality is a fundamental aspect of
human physiology. It encompasses
sex, roles, and reproduction.
Sexuality is experienced and
expressed in various forms and
manners, including thoughts,
fantasies, desires, beliefs, attitudes,
values, behaviors, practices, roles
and relationships.
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Sexuality is not always
experienced/expressed openly and
in a direct manner. It is influenced by
the interaction of physical,
psychological, social, economic,
political, cultural, ethical, legal,
historical, religious and spiritual
factors.

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Gender parity is a numerical
concept. Gender parity in
education implies that the
same number of boys and girls
receive educational services at
different levels and in diverse
form

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Gender parity is a numerical
concept. Gender parity in education
implies that the same number of
boys and girls receive educational
services at different levels and in
diverse forms.

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Gender equality means that women
and men have equal conditions,
treatment and opportunities for
realizing their full potential, human
rights and dignity, and for contributing
to (and benefiting from) economic,
social, cultural and political
development.

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Gender equality is, therefore, the
equal valuing by society of the
similarities and the differences of
men and women, and the roles they
play. It is based on women and men
being full partners in their home,
community and society. Gender
equity is one means of achieving
gender equality
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Gender blindness (unisex) is the
failure to recognize that the roles and
responsibilities of men/boys and
women/girls are given to them in
specific social, cultural, economic and
political contexts and backgrounds.

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Projects, programs, policies and
attitudes which are gender-blind do
not take into account these different
roles and their diverse needs,
maintain status quo, and will not help
transform the unequal structure of
gender relations.

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• Military and Police Trainings
• Gender neutral public toilets

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A purple circle is a symbol for
gender neutrality, derived from the
two gender symbols colours mixed
together and without the
distinguishing cross or arrow used
in thegender symbols. ♂ ♀

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Gender sensitivity encompasses
the ability to acknowledge and
highlight existing gender
differences, issues and inequalities,
and incorporate these into
strategies and actions

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Gender discrimination refers to
any distinction, exclusion or
restriction made on the basis of
socially and culturally constructed
gender roles and norms which
prevents a person from enjoying full
human rights.

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Girls who are discriminated against
are discouraged to specialize or learn
further those subjects thought to be
masculine, such as mechanics. Boys
can be discriminated against in the
same way when they are teased for
learning so-called “feminine
subjects”, such as nursing.

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Gender identity disorder (GID)
• or transsexualism is defined by strong,
persistent feelings of identification with the
opposite gender and discomfort with one's
own assigned sex. People with GID desire to
live as members of the opposite sex and often
dress and use mannerisms associated with
the other gender.
• This is distinct from homosexuality in that
homosexuals nearly always identify with their
apparent sex or gender.
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 Symptoms

Children:
Express the desire to be the opposite sex
Have disgust with their own genitals
Believe that they will grow up to become
the opposite sex
Are rejected by their peer group and feel
isolated
Have depression
Have anxiety

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Adults:
Desire to live as a person of the
opposite sex
Wish to be rid of their own genitals
Dress in a way that is typical of the
opposite sex
Feel isolated
Have anxiety
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 Gender mainstreaming,

known also as mainstreaming a

gender perspective, is "the process
of assessing the implications for
women and men of any planned
action including legislation, policies,
and programmes, in any area and
at all levels

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 Gender Analysis
Gender analysis is a tool to diagnose
the differences between women and
men regarding their specific activities,
conditions, needs, access to and control
over resources, and access to
development benefits and decision-
making.

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 UNESCO'S COMMITMENT

UNESCO advocates a new partnership

between women and men
"Gender rights must become an integral part of
basic human and cultural rights. And this
lesson must be learnt by all human beings,
irrespective of their gender, right from their
childhood.”

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 International and Local issues and policies on Gender

On Marriage Practices
; According to the Civil Code of Japan, a man is
free to marry once he turns 18, but a girl can
marry once she turns 16.

In Saudi Arabia, a fatwa (Islamic ruling) states that

women should not drive because doing so could
lead to the removal of the hijab, interactions with
men, and “taboo” acts.

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 International and Local issues and policies on Gender

On Marriage Practices
; Husbands are responsible for the spouses’ joint
property in Chile, as well as property belonging to
the wife.

; Nigeria- Husbands are permitted to punish their

wives using physical force for the purposes of
“correction”, so long as the offense doesn’t
result in “grievous hurt.”
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 International and Local issues and policies on Gender

On Marriage Practices
; (Philippines) The law provides that “any legally
married person who, having surprised his spouse in
the act of committing sexual intercourse with
another person, shall kill any of them or both of
them in the act or immediately thereafter, or shall
inflict upon them any serious physical injury, shall
suffer the penalty of destierro” (RPC, Article 247).

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 International and Local issues and policies on Gender

On Equality and Justice (UDHR)

The right that one should not be discriminated
against based on gender is addressed in Article 2,
which reads:
‘Everyone is entitled to all the rights and
freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without
distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex,
language, religion, political or other opinion,
national or social origin, property, birth or other
status.’
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