Building Information Modeling

BIM

Durva Gupta
Challenges in Construction Industry

35%
• Misunderstanding of client
needs
• Miscommunication
• Rework and recreation of data
• Poor or no information
management
 The cost to owners
Poor use of data coupled with highly fragmented teams
cost the US capital facilities industry $15.8 billion annually

Owner’s burden is about 2/3 of

those costs during ongoing
operations.
$15.8 billion
annually
 Problems owners face
Over 60% of major 30% of 55% of maintenance
capital programs fail to construction remains reactive
meet cost cost is rework
and schedule targets
 Evolution of Design process

Computer
Hand
Aided BIM
Drafting
Drawing
 What is BIM
• BIM is an emerging tool in the design industry that is
used to design and document a project.

• BIM is a parametric 3D model that is used to generate

plans, sections, elevations, perspectives, details,
schedules - all of the necessary components to
document the design of a building.

• It is also used as a vehicle to enhance communication

among all the project stakeholders.
2D vs 3D
 BIM
• BIM is information about the entire building and a
complete set of design documents stored in an integrated
database. All the information is parametric and thereby
interconnected.

• Any changes to an object within the model are instantly

reflected throughout the rest of the project in all views.

• A BIM model contains the building’s actual constructions

and assemblies rather than a 2-D representation of the
building that is found in CAD-based drawings.
CAD BIM

CAD BIM
 Definition
• BIM is the move from
analog to digital design
and construction.
• A model based
technology linked with
a database of project
information
– AIA
• Construction is the
only industry that does
not/cannot test a
design before
production
2D: Traditional drawing

3D: BIM

3D Installed -Actual
BIM Process
 What is Information Modeling?
• 3d Model
• Energy Model
• 4d Model - time
• 5d Model - time and cost
• Financial Model
• Safety plan
• Maintenance plan
What is information Modeling?
Every one in different silos
 What is BIM? – Business Process Change
Geospatial Fabrication
Data Product
Selection Invoicing/P Computerized
ayment Maintenance
Management
Ordering/ System (CMMS)
Delivery

Planning Design Construction Operations Sustainment

Legal Code Compliance Checking

Data Computer
Aided
Facility
Management
Engineering
Analysis
 Best Practice Business Processes
CAD software
Laws and regulations -Drawings, calculations
-Building regulations -Architect, engineer,…
-Building specifications

Knowledge databases VRML

-Best practise knowledge -Visualisation, 3D models
-Own practice
Simulations
-Comfort
-Ventilation, heating
Briefing -Life cycle cost
-Functional req. -Light, sound
-Estimates -Insulation
-Conditions
-Requirements
Building Information -Fire, usage
-Environment
Model -Life time predictions
Demolition, refurbishment
-Rebuild
-Demolition
-Restoration

Specifications
Facility -Specification sheets
management -Classification standards
-Letting, sale, operations Construction management -Estimates, accounting
-Maintenance -Scheduling Procurement
-Guaranties -Logistics, 4D -Product databases
-Price databases
 Collaborated Model
Arch Model Struct Model
(Revit) (Revit)

Civil Model Fire Model

(Bentley) Collaborated Model
(CadPipe)
(Navisworks)

Plumb Model
Elect Model
Mech Model (ABS)
(Graphisoft)
(CadDuct)
BIM is not a Software

20
BIM is a Methodology
BIM Data types
BIM Levels
BIM Advantages
 BIM Advantages
• Let repetitive work be done by the machine
• Draw more precisely
• Draw quicker
• Concentrate on the building instead of the
drawing
• Get rid of paper by electronic documents
• Let ‘intelligent’ functionality take care of
certain tasks (automation)
 BIM Benefits
• Clash Detection
• Accuracy and Coordination
– Consistent Views
– Effective communication amongst users
• Time and Cost
– Early detection of problems
– Fewer Claims
• Streamline Delivery/Fabrication
• User Understanding – 3D Visualization
– Mockups - A headset would allow one to walk into an
empty room and get a virtual feel of what the room will
look like upon completion
Clash Detection
Visualization Rendering
BIM involves
Interaction among the AEC
professionals due to
BIM without any conflict

Communication and
knowledge exchange
How BIM saves owners’ time and money
throughout the building lifecycle

Design Construction Management

 BIM saves time and money in the
design phase
Area Description
Conceptual design Quickly iterate on design
elements including building
form, sustainability, client
requests, municipal
regulations, budget, and more.
Conduct analyses and
simulation
Sustainable Complete energy analysis
building design early in the design stage to
reduce ongoing energy
consumption
Design Create a building model and complete set of designs documents in an
Documentation integrated database, where everything is interconnected and there is real-time
self-coordination of information
Example
The Beck Group created 100 visualizations for
a church in Seoul and adjusted the shape of
the building to appear curved, but with flat
glass, saving over $1 million on glazing and
mullions, and 1,000 hours of design time
Using BIM to evaluate design scenarios for
energy savings, NASA’s 50,000’ building in
Silicon Valley yielded features such as a steel-
frame exoskeleton, geothermal wells, natural
ventilation, wastewater treatment, and a
photovoltaic roof that will provide 30% of the
building’s power
 BIM saves time and money in the
construction phase
Area Description Example
General construction  Links project planning to
Contractor Robins and Morton used BIM
construction planning and
to design and construct an Augusta,
simulation, as well as
Maine hospital. Due to greater
visualization during construction
collaboration, the project was completed
and digital fabrication
ten months ahead of schedule and
 Enhances project
returned approximately US$20 million in
communication and
value-added savings.
collaboration among teams
 Create more accurate cost
estimates
 Deliver more projects on time
and within budget

Pre-fabrication,  Extract information from BIM to J.C. Cannistraro used BIM and pre-
modular construction pre-fabricate building fabrication to upgrade the central utility
components to improve project plant for University of Massachusetts's
schedule, reduce cost, improve Boston campus helping to minimize
site safety, and produce greener installation time of a new HVAC system
construction practices by and hangers
reducing material waste
 BIM saves time and money in the
management phase
Area Description
Lifecycle costs  Reuse building models and data  Shanghai Tower Construction &
to better manage facility
operations
 Analyze data-rich models to
optimize resources and reduce
waste and lower lifetime
maintenance and operation
costs
 Use intelligent 3D models to
help manage space and perform
spatial validation for tenant
chargebacks
Examples
Development Co. Ltd. used BIM not
only to design and build, but also to
inform operations of their super high-
rise tower. STC&D plans to use BIM
for emergency and property
management going forward.
 The Government Services
Administration (GSA) is creating a
database of its 3D models to inform
O&M and future projects. Additional
software leveraging the 3D models
will use its data for security, updates,
analysis, and reporting.
 3D Software used in BIM

Design analysis software used in BIM

Scheduling software used in BIM

 Drawbacks of BIM
• Complexity of software used for BIM
• Cost of software
• Lack of BIM knowledge in India
• BIM course is only available abroad
• The computer system running these software
needs high end specifications
 Challenges
• Lack of standards for organization and format of data contained within
the model
• Contracts/Delivery Methods
– Defining responsibility
– Allocation of Risk
– Ownership of data
– Insurance/Surety/Bonding
• Interoperability
• Fear of change
• Initial investment costs
• Learning curve
• Change in culture & work flow
– Work is divided up by major building elements in lieu of by drawing
sheets
– Decisions are made earlier as to materials, specifications and
quantities
 Learning curve
• It is generally accepted that there is an initial cost
and loss of productivity while obtaining the
necessary resources as firms go through the
initial learning curve.
• Those firms who have made it through this initial
learning curve (on average between 6 and 18
months) experience the benefits.

• Design Software $3,200.00 +/- per user

• Adds excessive cost
 Who uses the information from BIM?
• Owners • Facility Managers
• Planners • Maintenance & Sustainment
• Realtors • Renovation & Restoration
• Appraisers • Disposal & Recycling Scoping,
• Mortgage Bankers Testing, Simulation
• Designers • Safety & Occupational Health
• Engineers • Environmental & NEPA
• Cost & Quantity Estimators • Plant Operations
• Specifiers • Energy, LEED
• Contracts & Lawyers • Space & Security
• Construction Contractors • Network Managers
• Sub-Contractors • CIO’s
• Fabricators • Risk Management
• Code Officials • Occupant Support
• First Responders
Thank You