Oil/Gas Field Development

Shale gas Technology

Presented by
Kavan bhatt
Roll no-002
SAP ID-500065783
M.Tech (Petroleum Engineering)
Sem-3
What are shale & Shale gas?

Shale:
• Shale is sedimentary rock that once deposited as mud(clay & slit) or combination of clay, silica, carbonate and organic
materials.
• It is a composite of large amount types of kerogens.
• Black shale(rich organic matter) and light shale(less organic matter)

Figure:1 Types of Shale

Shale gas:

• It refers natural gas that trapped within shale formations.

• Shale gas is trapped within the pores of shale formations.

Shale gas storage:

• Gas is normally stored in 3 ways in gas shale.

1. Free gas: the with in pores and natural fracture.

2. Adsorbed gas: the gas adsorbed on clay and organic material.

3. Dissolved gas : the gas is dissolved in organic material.

Shale reservoir Characterization

• Gas producing shale may consist of consolidated clay sized particle with an elevated organic content.
• Thickness of shale gas zone ranges from 6m to 304m and for economic production thick ness should be range from 30-50
m with TOC > 2%.
• Shale gas produced when Vitrinite reflection(R0) values approx. 0.7% and favorable RO value ranges from 1.1 to 1.4%
• Kerogen type-III and 1.1% for Type-I & II.
• Porosity must be grater than 5%.
Drilling Techniques

Horizontal Drilling Multilateral or multiple well bore drilling

 Well completion

Drilling trough Shale formation:

• It has many challenges due to it
compositions.
• It mainly consist of highly cemented
slit stones, which is very fragile.
• Due to vibration during drilling
operation can induced failure in
shale formation causing it crumble
and caving around the drill string.
• Drilling with heavy weight mud.
 Production method

• In this case artificial well stimulation are widely

used to increase the reservoir permeability .

• Two types: Hydraulic fracturing and matrix

acidizing ,when formation has an average

effective permeability of 1mD or less than of it.

 Hydraulic fracture and completion

Stage-I: Test phase : Validating integrity of well casing & cement

Stage-II: Acid treatment :To clean well damaged walls

Stage-III: slick water pad and Gel : mixed with Frac fluid to

reduce friction

Stage-IV: proppant stage : Fine grain mesh sand

Stage-V: dewatering : Remove out frac fluid from well bore

Indian Shale gas resources ( 96 TCF)

Year Onshore Offshore Total production

production(BCM) production(BCM) (BCM)

2011-12 9 38.47 47.47

2012-13 8.87 31.80 40.67

2013-14 9.01 26.39 35.4

2014-15 8.79 24.86 33.65

2015-16 9.23 23.01 32.24

2016-17 9.85 22.03 31.88

2017-18 10.63 22.01 32.64

2018-19 10.75 22.11 32.86

THANK YOU