What Nonverbal

Miscommunication
encompasses?
A. Paralanguage –
the “how” of saying something

Etymology
From Greek and Latin, "beside" +
"language"
 Paralinguistics is the study of vocal
(and sometimes non-vocal) signals
beyond the basic
verbal message or speech. Also
known as vocalics.
 Paralinguistics, says Shirley Weitz,
"sets great store on how something is
said, not on what is said" (Nonverbal
Communication, 1974).
 Paralanguage includes accent, pitch, volume,
speech rate, modulation, and fluency. Some
researchers also include certain non-
vocal phenomena under the heading of
paralanguage: facial expressions, eye
movements, hand gestures, and the like. "The
boundaries of paralanguage," says Peter
Matthews, "are (unavoidably) imprecise"
(Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics,
2007).
A. Language of flowers –
theuse of flowers based on the
meaning of each type of flower
A. Language of colors –
Theuse of color based on the
meaning of each color
D. Language of time
(Chronemics)–
The use of time based on
position or power
CHRONEMICS
 is a study of the use of time in nonverbal
communication. Time can be used as a powerful
tool to structure communication process.
 For example in most countries it would a norm for
a boss to be late for a meeting but not for the
subordinates. Going for job interviews, running
your start up presentations for investors may also
presuppose extra-waiting due to power-plays as
well.
 In terms of social context, being late for a date for
a female in some countries is a part social ritual.
E. Language of space
(Proxemics)-
The use of space to show
importance
 In the United States, there are four types of
“distance” which people use to communicate
on a face-to-face basis.

These include:
· Intimate distance (0-2 ft.)
· Personal distance (2-4ft.)
· Social distance (4-12 ft.)
· Public distance (>12 ft.)
INTIMATE DISTANCE
 Intimate distance is that which is used for very
confidential communications. This zone of
distance is characterized by 0 to 2 feet of
space between two individuals. An example of
intimate distance is two people hugging,
holding hands, or standing side-by-side. People
in intimate distance share a unique level of
comfort with one another. Those who are not
comfortable with someone who approaches
them in the intimate zone will experience a
great deal of social discomfort or awkwardness.
PERSONAL DISTANCE
 Personal distance is used for talking with family
and close friends. Although it gives a person a
little more space than intimate distance, it is
still very close in proximity to that of intimacy,
and may involve touching. Personal distance
can range from 2 to 4 feet. Like intimate
distance, if a stranger approaches someone in
the personal zone, he or she is likely to feel
uncomfortable being in such close proximity
with the stranger.
SOCIAL DISTANCE
 Social distance is used in business
transactions, meeting new people and
interacting with groups of people. Social
distance has a large range in the distance that
it can incorporate. From 4 to 12 feet, it is clear
that social distance depends on the situation.
Social distance may be used among students,
co-workers, or acquaintances. Generally,
people within social distance do not engage in
physical contact with one another.
PUBLIC DISTANCE
Public distance is measured at 12
or more feet between persons. An
example of this is illustrated in the
following picture, where two men
sit far apart on a park bench, in
order to preserve their public
distance.
F. Language of touch (Haptics) –
The use of touch to express
what cannot be said
G. LANGUAGE OF GESTURES
Emphasizing – “YES!” (fist pounding the
table)
Regulating – “shh” (forefinger in front of
lips)
Illustrating – “this large” (hands set
apart)
Emblems – clenched fist upraised
H. Facial expression-
The configuration of eyes,
eyebrows, lips, cheeks, nose,
and forehead to show how the
person feels
Approval Amazement
Disappointment

Whhaaaattt??
Apprehension

Oh! Really?
I. Posture and personal
appearance -
 Theway one carries and
dresses oneself.
 POSTURE
 If you are speaking to an audience in person, the
audience will respond to your posture. Posture is one
means of communication. Body movements convey
information about interpersonal relations and
personality traits such as confidence, submissiveness
and openness. The speaker may display an open or
closed body position. Those two positions
communicate different messages to the audience and
can be desirable or undesirable based on the type of
visual delivery that is desired.
 CLOSED POSTURE
 Closed posture often gives the impression of
detachment, disinterest and hostility. Behaviors that
represent closed posture include arms crossed on the
chest or abdomen, hands clasped in front of the body
and crossed legs. Clothing may also signal closed
posture, such as a buttoned suit or a handbag or
briefcase held in front of the person. Showing the
back of hands or clenched fists can represent a
closed posture. Hands clasped behind the back may
also signal closed posture even though the front is
exposed because it can give the impression of hiding
something or resisting closer contact.
 OPEN POSTURE
 Open posture communicates a friendly
and positive attitude. The feet are spread
wide and the head is straight and raised,
looking at the audience. An important
element of open posture of the body are
the hands. Showing the palms of the
hands can be a signal of open posture,
especially if the hand is relaxed.
THANK YOU!