B.M.

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GROUP 9
PROCESS
THEORIES
significance

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B.M.

LYMAN W. PORTER EDWARD W. PORTER

THE PORTER LAWLER EXTENSION
 B.M.
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 FOUR BASIC ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT HUMAN BEHAVIOR

BEHAVIOR BEHAVIOR BEHAVIOR BEHAVIOR

1 2 3 4

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Rational Different Needs Behaviors will lead
B.M.

Individual and
Desire and Goal to desired outcome
Environment
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EFFORT VALUE OF REWARD PERCIEVED EFFORT

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REWARD PROBABILITY
B.M.

PERFORMANCE REWARDS SATISFACTION

 Match the abilities and traits of The appropriate reward must
individuals to the requirements be associated with successful
of the job. performance.

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B.M.

Carefully explain to the Make sure that the rewards

subordinates their roles and dispensed are valued by the
make sure that they understand employees.
it.

Prescribe performance levels

expected of the individuals.
 3rd type
2nd type
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BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
BURRHUS FREDERIC SKINNER

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 BEHAVIOR
MODIFICATION

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4 type

1st type

B.M.
Also known as REINFORCEMENT THEORY or
OPERANT CONDITIONING
 FOUR MAJOR TYPES OF REINFORCEMENTS

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1. POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
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1st type

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2. NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT

3. PUNISHMENT

4. EXTINCTION
 1. POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT

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2nd type
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-Rewards are introduced to increase desired

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behavior
 2. NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT or avoidance

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-Increase probability that desired behavior

B.M.
will be repeated by letting employees escape
from undesired consequences.
 3. PUNISHMENT

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-imposing penalties to decrease undesired

behavior
 4. EXTINCTION

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-undesired behaviors are ignored while

withholding positive reinforcements
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3rd type
2nd type
1st type
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definition