FAAL GINJAL

dr Aris Prasetyo,MKes
 The Nephron
Unit fungsional terkecil ginjal
• renal corpuscle
• renal tubule 50 mm
 Fungsi Nephron
• Reabsorbsi semua bahan organik yg
masih dibutuhkan melalui renal tubule.
• Reabsorbsi 90 percent air.
• Mensekresi sisa metabolisme
 corpus renalis
• diameter 150-250 µm.
• Terdiri dari:
– (1) glomerular capillary network
– (2) Bowman's capsule
 Tubulus Renalis

• Tubulus Proksimal /PCT

• Loop of Henle
• Tubulus Distal /DCT
• Tubulus Contortus
 Tubulus distalis berbeda dengan
tubulus proksimalis dalam hal:
• (1) diameter tubulus distalis lebih kecil
• (2) sel epithelial tubulus distalis tidak
dilapisi microvilli
• (3) Ada hub antar sel epithelial
 Fungsi tubulus distalis
• Mensekresi secara aktif ion, asam dan
material lain
• Mereabsorpsi selektif ion sodium dan ion
calcium dari cairan tubular
• Mereabsorpsi selektif air, sesuai
konsentrasi cairan tubulus
 3 organic waste products:
• Urea.
• Creatinine.
• Uric acid.
 Fungsi Ginjal
• Filtrasi
• Reabsorbsi
• Sekresi
 Filtrasi
• blood pressure forces water across a
filtration membrane
• the filtration membrane includes the
glomerular endothelium, the lamina densa,
and the filtration slits.
• Solute molecules small enough to pass
 glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
• Adalah jumlah filtrat yang diproduksi ginjal dalam 1 menit
• GFR normalnya 125 ml per minute.
• creatinine clearance test sering digunakan untuk
memprediksi besar GFR.
• Kreatinin diekskresi secara normal di urine.
• Dg monitoring konsentrasinya dalam darah dan
jumlahnya yag diekskresi di urine, GFR bisa diperkirakan
• Contoh, 84 mg/jam kreatinin urin dan konsentrasi
kreatinin plasma 1.4 mg/dl.
• The filtration rate is equal to the amount secreted,
divided by the plasma concentration:
• (84 mg/h)/(1.4 mg/dl) = 60 dl/h, or 100 ml/min.
 Controlling the GFR
• 1) autoregulation at the local level,
• (2) hormonal regulation initiated by the
kidneys,
• (3) autonomic regulation, primarily by the
sympathetic division of the ANS.
 Reabsorpsi
• removal of water and solutes from the filtrate, across the
tubular epithelium, and into the peritubular fluid.
• Most of the reabsorbed materials are nutrients that your
body can use.
• Whereas filtration occurs solely on the basis of size,
reabsorption is a selective process.
• Solute reabsorption may involve simple diffusion or the
activity of carrier proteins in the tubular epithelium.
• Water reabsorption occurs passively, through osmosis.
• Nutrient reabsorption occurs primarily along the proximal
convoluted tubules
 Sekresi
• transport of solutes from the peritubular fluid,
across the tubular epithelium, and into the
tubular fluid.
• backup for the filtration process that can further
lower the plasma concentration of undesirable
materials.
• the primary method of excretion for many drugs.
• occurs at the proximal and distal convoluted
tubules.
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