External Influences

Society/Government
Discipline Associations;
Marketplace/Alumni

Organizational Influences

Program Relationship Academic Plan

Resources
Governance

Internal Influences

Faculty, Students, Discipline,

And Program Mission

Figure 2. Factors Affecting Academic Planning (Stark & Latucca, 1997)

Curriculum Influences
• Students
- are considered as the most influential among the
different influences especially in designing the
implemented curriculum
- Students bring with them their culture in the school.
- For college, the academic background of the
students is influential in curriculum planning.
Curriculum Influences
• School’s Vision, Mission, and Core Values
- The school vision, mission, and core values are very
influential factors in developing the curriculum.
- The vision, mission, and core values of the school
are also reflected in the planned, implemented, and
hidden curriculum of the school.
Curriculum Influences
• Admission and Retention Policies
- The third influential factor is the admission and
retention policies. These policies set the standard of
what kind of students are admitted and what are
things they need to do as students of the institution
until they graduate.
- This is an important part of the intended and
implemented curriculum.
Curriculum Influences
• Faculty Members
- The influence of faculty members is also considered important.
Faculty members bring with them their educational background,
experiences, expertise, personal, professional, and political views on
the institutions.
- In basic education, teachers take the role of a second parent to their
students.
- In the college level, teachers are seen as experts in their fields. They
are expected to know more about their subjects.
- Teachers, as recognized by Stark and Latucca (1997), are major
influence in curriculum. They are the key implementers of the
curriculum.
Curriculum Influences
• School Administrators and Board of Trustees
- The influence of school officials and the school
bureaucracy in curriculum processes were
recognized by several curriculum scholars like Wiles
and Bondi (2006), and Stark and Latucca (1997).
- Play an important role in providing curriculum
leadership in schools, colleges, and universities.
- They provide administrative and leadership
support for the implementation of the curriculum
Curriculum Influences
• Accrediting Agencies
- Accrediting agencies are equally influential in
basic education and in higher education.
- Determine the quality of the courses being offered
in an institution.
Curriculum Influences
• Government Policies and Agencies
- The respondents identified government policies and
agencies as most influential in curriculum planning and
development.
- In basic education, DepEd issues Department Orders
(DOs) and memoranda that serve as guide for all
public and private schools in the country.
- In tertiary education, CHED through its series of
memorandum orders, prescribes the minimum general
education and professional courses, course credits, and
course description to be taken by the students.
Curriculum Influences
• Market Demands (General)
- Market demands or the needs of the society are
very influential in planning and developing
curriculum.
- They are also expected to develop various
literacies including functional literacy.
Curriculum Influences
• Alumni
- The almuni are also considered as one of the
external influences on curriculum development.
- Their comments or their evaluation feedback based
on their previous experiences as students are very
useful information for improving the implemented
curriculum of the school.
- The alumni are the living testimony of the curriculum
or the quality of education offered by a particular
school.
Curriculum Influences
• Media and Information and Communications
Technologies (ICT)
- Media and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are
two pf the external curriculum influences.
- The presence of technology, especially the Internet, enables
students and teachers to access almost all the information they need
for teaching and learning.
- In as much as ICT is changing the landscape of schooling. It is also
changing how the courses are planned and implemented, especially
how the content of the curriculum will be put together.
Curriculum Influences
• The Church and Church-related Agencies
- For religious school, the different religious orders
and the church play an important role in school.
- Religious schools also offer retreats, chapel
services, and other religious activities to their
students.
Curriculum Influences
• School Facilities and Other Resources
- School facilities and other resources are very
important in the implementation of the curriculum.
- The respondents explained that school facilities like
classroom, libraries, laboratories, ICT equipment,
dormitories, school clinics, counseling office, canteen,
chapel for sectarian schools, and laboratories are
very useful in providing quality education,
especially in implementing the curriculum.
Curriculum Influences
• Student Services
- The last among the influences are the existing
student services or existing student support system
institutionalized by the schools.
Student Services
• Campus Ministry – helps in the spiritual nourishment of
the students in sectarian school.
• Guidance and Counseling Services – provides
professional help to students with various personal and
psychological concerns.
• Financial Assistance and Scholarships – provides
financial assistance to deserving students.
• Student Affairs Office – guides the students in
organizing activities and provides all forms of support
for academic and personal development of the students
in the school.
Reflections on Curriculum Planning

• Knowledge about the learners – helps us to

understand that curriculum must respond to the
nature, needs, interest, learning styles, and thinking
preferences of every learner.
• Knowledge about the society – helps us to realize
that a curriculum must be made relevant and
responsive to the needs and demands of the society.
• Knowledge about the discipline of subject matter
– helps us to understand the different disciplines,
subjects, and academic fields.
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING! 😊