Professional Documents
Culture Documents
5.4 Final
5.4 Final
of GP Contact Lens
Lecture 5L4
Published in Australia by
The International Association of Contact Lens Educators
Version:
SecondEdition 2011
2012-May-10
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
The IACLE Contact Lens Course (all formats) is the sole property of the
International Association of Contact Lens Educators (IACLE) and is protected,
without limitations, by copyright. By accessing this material, you agree to the
following terms and conditions:
You may only access and use the IACLE Contact Lens Course for personal or
educational purposes. Any dissemination or sale of the IACLE Contact Lens
Course, either in whole or in part, or use of the materials for other than
educational and personal purposes, is strictly prohibited without the express
written consent of IACLE. Except as declared below, you may not reproduce,
republish, post, transmit, or distribute any material included in the IACLE
Contact Lens Course.
You may print materials for personal or educational purposes only. All
copyright information, including the IACLE logo, must remain on the material.
Appropriate reference must be provided to any use of the content of the IACLE
Contact Lens Course, including text, images, &/or illustrations.
IACLE CONTACT LENS COURSE
Published in Australia by
The International Association of Contact Lens Educators
Email: iacle@iacle.org
SPONSORS
Industry
Supporters
Major In-Kind
Supporters
CONTRIBUTORS
– matrix porosity
• GP CL deposits take time to appear & more slowly than on other CLs
– lipid deposits can occur on & in GP CLs
– normally, deposits of lipid-calcium complexes do not occur on GP CLs
CONTACT LENS DEPOSITS
LENS MATERIAL: GP CLs
5L1-8
CONTACT LENS MATERIALS
METHYLMETHACRYLATE (MMA) & pMMA
Beginning of
substitution
CONTACT LENS MATERIALS
FSA MONOMERS SIMPLIFIED
Beginning of substitution
CONTACT LENS MATERIALS
pDMS (IN SiHy & GP CLs)
GP CONTACT LENS MATERIALS
‘DRY SPOT’ BEFORE TEAR BREAK-UP
Hydrophilic aspects
AIR (hydrophobic)
Tear Film Fluoroalkyls (3X)
Notional lens surface
polyDiMethylSiloxanes
Lens matrix
PMMA
GP CONTACT LENS MATERIALS
‘DRY SPOT’ AFTER TEAR BREAK-UP
Hydrophobic aspects
AIR (hydrophobic)
Fluoroalkyls (3X)
Notional lens surface
polyDiMethylSiloxanes
Hydrophobicity:
• Siloxane, e.g. pDMS, SA, or FSA polymers O2 but are
hydrophobic & lipophilic
– CL wettability lubricity lid traction lens movement
comfort & ↕ vision
– if CL surface-hydrophobic & lipophilic surfaces lipids,
proteins, & other tear film components & contaminants (drying may
deposition rates further)
– treated wettability but in the long-term, treatment may not
endure prolonged & repeated lens cleaning by rubbing
CHARACTERISTICS OF GP CL
LENS MATERIALS continued...
Pore Size
• GP CL’s small pore size (<10 nm – see notes) most deposits
cannot penetrate lens matrix & therefore tend to remain on surface
Surface Chemistry
• Surface chemistry of GP CLs is complex. Can be influenced
further by environment, e.g. hydrophilic (normal tear film) or
hydrophobic (dry spots deposits/surface contamination)
– exposure to inappropriate LCPs or excessive polishing during
manufacture ( localized heating) can wettability & other
properties permanently
– FSA materials can be plasma treated to their wettability
• surface treatment may not last the life of the CL
• surface failure may define CL ‘end-of-life’
GP CL MATERIALS
– lens wettability
– lens life
GP CLs
ADVANTAGES
• CLPC rate
• binding of Pseudomonas aeruginosa & Acanthamoeba
spp.
GP CL MATERIALS
DEPOSITS
5L8B-15
GP CL DEPOSITS:
LIPIDS
• Incubated, unworn CLs show SA CLs accumulate 2-3X the lipid of SCLs (SiHy
CLs not tested in this study)
Overall Deposits: GP EW
3-12 Months • In a study of low, moderate, & high Dk
Deposits* (0-4)
4 GP CLs (same manufacturer) for up to 1
year, similar levels of deposition were
3 found for all materials
– true for DW provided CLs cleaned
2 daily
– even in EW, no clinically significant
0.9(SD: 0.6)
1 0.8 (SD: 0.7) deposit differences found between
materials
0 – rate of deposit also similar
Low/Mod Dk High Dk
*median (IQR )
GP CL CARE
PRODUCT CATEGORIES
• Cleaners :
– there are two types of ‘cleaner’:
• daily surfactant
• protein removers (supplied in tablet or liquid form)
• Disinfecting/Soaking and Wetting Solutions:
– sometimes also referred to as conditioning solutions
– can be classified as multipurpose (MPS) because they fulfill the
functions of disinfection, soaking, & wetting
• Lubricants:
– these are in-eye products intended for instillation while the CLs
are being worn. They re-wet, cushion, & rehydrate the CL in situ
GP CONTACT LENSES
NON-WETTING
• Failure of GP CLs to wet can be the result of:
– deposits
Non-wetting GP CL surface
– poor manufacturing practices - ‘burning’ the
lens surface resulting in localized non-wetting
areas
– residual polishing compound leading to local
areas of hydrophobicity*
– surface contamination by make-up, hand
lotions, hairspray, oils, soaps, finger grease,
5L51783-93 etc. leading to non-wetting areas on GP CLs
GP CL CARE
CLEANING
• Surfactant cleaning:
– surfactant cleaners for GP CLs similar to SCL
counterparts
– alcohol-based cleaners (increasingly uncommon)
well suited to GP CLs that acquire lipid deposits.
• alcohol-based cleaners must be rinsed from
lens surface promptly & thoroughly as they
can alter lens parameters if allowed to
remain on GP CLs
– some cleaners contain ‘abrasive’ particulate
matter that are more effective against adherent
deposits than normal surfactant cleaners
• they have been shown to be safe in normal
use
RGP LENS CARE
CLEANING
5L50833-94
NO RUB
5L1-35
GP LENS CARE
WETTING
• Wetting solutions CL wetting characteristics:
– hydrophobic surface hydrophilic
– uniform tear spreading vision ( optical quality)
– comfort on insertion ( solution viscosity)
• however, excessive viscosity temporary in vision quality
( ‘tear film’ thickness & regularity)
A
(Tears)
(Wetting Soln.) STLower
(Cleaner)
(MPS) STA STA
W
W
Surface of A
ETTING
ET NG
Surface of B
TI
(CL)
(Cornea) STB STB
STHigher
B
SOLUTION PROPERTIES
SURFACE TENSION (ST)
• STTears 42 to 71.5 mN/m (Zhao & Wollmer, 1998, Nagyová & Tiffany, 1999)
• STPMMA 32 to 49 mN/m (Rankin & Trager, 1970, Goudeau et al., 2000, Zagari et al., 2004)
• GP CL MPSs combine
cleaning, disinfection, &
soaking functions into a single
bottle
– convenient for user
– sometimes referred to as
one-bottle systems (OBS)
GP LENS CARE
LUBRICATING DROPS
• Remove CL immediately
• Irrigate eye with saline (dilutes, rinses, & lubricates)
• Examine for possible staining with a slit-lamp (previous slide)
• Ocular lubricant may be useful (preservative-free best)
• Epithelial ‘repair’ should be rapid
– monitor eye for 24-48 hours if staining significant
• CLs should not be worn ( recovery rate) until epithelium
appears normal
GP LENS CARE
LENS REPLACEMENT
• Purpose: regular CL replacement = preventative eye care
– problems CL deposits
– deposits can:
• irritate lids, especially upper lids
• deposit build-up deposit cycle
• act as footholds for micro-organisms
• Schedule:
– GP CLs should be replaced at least annually.
– more often (eg. six-monthly [Woods & Efron, 1996]), if the patient is wearing
EW CLs &/or is a heavy depositor
• CL deposit susceptibility should be considered when prescribing a
replacement regimen
– GP CL programmed replacement schemes do exist
GP LENS CARE
AT DISPENSING
5L11306-91
GP LENS CARE
TRIAL SET DISINFECTION/STORAGE
5L40LW1-98
GP LENS CARE
SUMMARY
5L1-59
Lopez-Alemany et al. (2002). Porous structure of Purevision versus Focus Night & Day and conventional hydrogel contact
lenses. J Biomed Mat Res 63(3): 319 – 325.
Lowther GE (1987). Effect of some solutions on HGP contact lens parameters. J Am Optom Assoc. 58(3): 188 - 192.
Luensmann D (2009). Protein Sorption to Contact Lenses and Intraocular Lenses. PhD Thesis, UWaterloo, CANADA.
Morris J (2004). RGP lenses: Part 1 – materials, manufacturing and design. Optician 228(5971): 28 – 35.
Nicolson PC 2003. Continuous wear contact lens surface chemistry and wearability. Eye & CL.: Science & Clinical
Practice 29(1): S30 – S32.
Phillips AJ, Czigler B (1985). Polyclens (Opti-clean) – A further study. Aust J Optom. 68(1): 36 – 39.
Picolo MG et al. (1990). Rigid lens base curve stability upon hydrogen peroxide disinfection. Optom Vision Sci. 67(1): 19 -
21.
Refojo M (1983B). In: Lens Deposits – Adapted from the October 1982 meeting of CLAO. CLAO J. 9(2): 172.
Refojo M (1983C). In: Lens Deposits – Adapted from the October 1982 meeting of CLAO. CLAO J. 9(2): 173.
Sano K (2000). Contact lens materials and lens contamination. J Jpn CL Soc. 42: 68 – 73.
Schultz CL et al. (2000). Bacterial colonization of rigid gas permeable and hydrogel contact lenses by Staphylococcus
aureus. J Indust Microbiol Biotech 24: 113 – 115.
Sibley M (1983). In: Lens Deposits – Adapted from the October 1982 meeting of CLAO. CLAO J. 9(2): 172.
Tighe B J (2007). Contact lens materials Chap. 3 in: Contact Lenses 5th ed. Phillips A J, Speedwell L. Butterworth
Heinemann, Edinburgh.
Vajdic CM et al. (1996). Do contact lens wearers have more ocular discomfort than spectacle wearers? Invest Ophth Vis
Sci. 37(3): Suppl. 5178.
van der Worp E (2010). RGPs – The low fat option? GlobalCONTACT 2-2010(55): 6 – 11.
Wilson LA (1983). In: Lens Deposits – Adapted from the October 1982 meeting of CLAO. CLAO J. 9(2): 183.
Wood JM et al. (1983). Characterization of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) gels. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 9(1-2): 93 – 101.
Woods CA, Efron N (1996). Regular replacement of daily-wear rigid gas-permeable contact lenses. J Brit Cont Lens
Assoc. 19(3): 83 - 89.
5L1-60
GP CLs
CLEANERS
• Alcon OPTI-FREE SupraClens • Optikem Intn’l Sereine® Contact Lens
•
Alcon Opti-Clean II Daily Cleaner Cleaner
• Alcon OPTI-FREE Daily Cleaner • Sauflon Delta GP Cleaner
• ®
Alcon POLYCLENS II Daily Cleaner
• AMO AMO Total Care Cleaner
• Avizor GP Cleaner
• Boston Cleaner
• Boston Advance Lens Cleaner
• Boston Original Formula Cleaner
• Contopharma i-clean! (Miraflow clone?)
• CIBA Vision Miraflow Cleaner (avail.?)
• CIBA Vision Miraflow Extra Strength Cleaner
• EYEYE Crystal Cleaner
• Lobob® Optimum Extra Strength Cleaner Laboratory/Professional Use ONLY
• ®
Lobob Sterile Cleaning Solution
• Boston® Laboratory Lens Cleaner
• MeniCare Plus MPS
• MeniCare Progent
• Menicon Spray & Clean • MeniLab Disinfectant/Cleaner
• Menicon Unique pH
GP LENS CARE
SOAKING SOLUTIONS
Lobob Hard Lens Soaking Solution
GP LENS CARE
CONDITIONING SOLUTIONS
Conditioning Solution
Soaking Solution
GP LENS CARE
WETTING SOLUTIONS