Measuring Domestic Output

Presented by:
Syed Faraz Hussain Shah
Adeela Kiran
GDP(Gross Domestic Output):
• Value of all the final goods and services produced
in a country during a given time period.

• GDP also only refers to goods produced

within the country.
GDP(Gross Domestic Output) Continue...:

GDP(Gross Domestic Output) :

• Gross: Summation of all the country's resources towards
producing output.

• Domestic: Relates the output to the country from which

the output was produced.

• Product: The goods and services that make up output.

GDP(Gross Domestic Output) Continue...:
GDP is Sum of:
• Consumption: Aggregate of all goods and services consumed
in the country.
• Government Spending: Sum of all the goods and services
purchased by government.
• Investment: The purchase of new capital by firms or
individual consumers.
• Exports: Goods and services produced by the domestic
country and consumed by foreign countries.
GDP(Gross Domestic Output) Continue...:
• Imports: Goods and services produced by other countries
but consumed by the domestic countries.

NX = EX-IM
Exports are added to GDP because:
• The domestic country receives payments for those goods.
Exports are subtracted to GDP because:
• The payment is taken away from the domestic country.
Concepts of Measuring Nation's Aggregate Output:

Nominal Gross Domestic Product:

• Production within country by foreign owned firms.
Nominal Gross Domestic Product:
• Production in foreign countries by domestic owned firms.
Concepts of Measuring Nation's Aggregate Output:
GDP GNP

Production within country by

foreign owned firms. Included Excluded

Production in foreign countries by Excluded Included

domestic owned firms.
Circular Flow of Income and Expenditures:
Income
Resources

Business
Households
Firms

Goods and Services

Expenditures
Flow of Money
Flow of Goods and Services
Primary Methods for measuring Aggregate Output:

Expenditures Approach:
• Amount of spending by the final purchasers of output.
• Total GDP is the sum of four categories of final deman:
• C = Consumption expenditure
• I = Investment
• G = Government spending
• NX = Net export(Exports -Imports)
Primary Methods for measuring Aggregate Output:

Income Approach:
• Income received by the suppliers of resources
to the production process.
Common Method for Measuring Living Standard:
• GDP per capita = National Income/Total Population
• Higher per capita indicates citizens are able to purchase
more goods and services
Difference between GDP,GNP,GNI:
GDP GNP GNI
Measure of national • GDP + Net property • Value added by all
income produced in a income from abroad. resident producers.
particular country. • Include • Any product
dividend,interest and taxes(-subsidies).
profit. • Net receipts of primary
income from abroad.
THANK YOU
Some Other Battles

• Battle against Jai Chand Rathore (1194).

• Conquest of Gujrat, Bengal, and Bihar(1195-1202).

• Revolt of Khokhars (1205).

The Sultanate of Delhi (1206-1526)
Delhi sultanates were a series of five different
dynasties that ruled Northern India.
• The Slave Dynasty
• The Khalji Dynasty
• The Tughluq Dynasty
• The Syed Dynasty
• The Lodi Dynasty
The Slave Dynasty (1206-1290)
• Sultan Qutbuddin Aibek founded Dynasty in 1206.
• He was Central Asian Turk and former general of
Ghaurid Sultanate.
• He died in 1210.
• Razia Sultana was the famous ruler of Dynasty.
• Moiz ud Din was last ruler.
The Khalji Dynasty (1290-1320)
• It was named after Jalal ud Din Khilji.
• His ruling period was short as his nephew
Ala ud Din Khalji murdered him and became ruler.
• He ruled till 1316 and after his death dynsty
starts to scrumble.
• His son became ruler and was murdered after 4 years
and bring end to this Dynasty.
The Tughlaq Dynasty(1320-1414)

• Khusro Khan did not rules long enough he was

murdered after 4 months by Ghazi Malik.
• He called himself Tughlaq and established
a Dynasty.
• He controlled much of Soutn India during his
period.
The Syed Dynasty(1414-1451)

• During time period of 1398 to 1414 the rulership

of delhi was hotly contested but in 1414 the
Syed Dynasty eventually won.

• Syed Khizar Khan claimed to represent the Timur.

• His reign was highly contested.

The Lodi Dynasty(1451-1526)

• Bahlul Khan Lodi was founder of Dynasty.

• He was famous warlord an horse rider.
• His rule was a definite improvement over weak
leadership of Syed Dynasty.
• Ibrahim Lodi was the last ruler of this Dynasty.
The Mughal Empire (1526-1857)

• Babar defated Ibrahim Lodi in 1526 and founded

Mughal Empire.
• The Mughal empire is divided into two:
1. The Great Mughals
2. The Later Mughals
The Great Mughals(1526-1707)

• During the time period of Great Mughals Most of

India was under their rule.

• Humayun, Akbar ,Shah Jehan Aurangzeb were the

famoues ruler of this era .

• During Akbar era many new places were captured by

Muslims.
The Later Mughals (1707-1857)

• After death of Aurangzeb Alamgir the decline of mughals

started.
• This era is decline of Mughals in Sub-Continent.
• Shah Alam , Muhammad Shah were the rulers .
• Bahadur Shah Zafar was last Mughal ruler wo got
Defeated in war of 1857 against British and British
became ruler of Sub-Continent
Any Question??
Thank you!!