LES S ON 6: THE A CT

OF PROCL AMATION
OF INDEPENDENCE OF
THE FI L I PI NO P EOP L E
A C TA D E L A P R O C L A M A C I O N D E L A
INDEPENDENCIA DEL PUEBLO FILIPINO
HISTORICAL CONTENT
• The first phase of the Philippine Revolution ended in a
stalemate between the Spaniards and the Filipino rebels.
• In December 1897, a truce was declared between the two
forces led by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo, agreeing to be exiled
to Hong Kong while the Spaniards paid an indemnity for
the damages caused as a result of the conflict.
HISTORICAL CONTENT
• The truce lasted for only few months.
• The conflict resulted to the Spanish-American War in 1898
and the arrival of a new colonizer to the Philippines- the
Americans.
HISTORICAL CONTENT
• Even before the battle of Manila in 1898, Aguinaldo had
already been meeting with the Americans in Singapore. He
talked with consul E. Spencer Pratt regarding US-Filipino
collaboration against the Spaniards before he went back to
Hong Kong to meet up with Commodore George Dewey,
commander of the Asiatic Fleet.
HISTORICAL CONTENT
• Unfortunately, Dewey had already left for the Philippines to
attack the Spanish fleet following America’s declaration of
war against Spain in April.
E. SPENCER
PRATT
COMMODORE
GEORGE DEWEY
HISTORICAL CONTENT
• Aguinaldo remained in Hong Kong and met with the
American consul general Rounseville Wildman. He paid
Wildman a total of P117,000.00 to purchase rifles and
ammunition. A first shipment worth P50,000.00 was made
but the other half was never delivered. Wildman never
return the money given to him.
ROUNSEVILLE
WILDMAN
HISTORICAL CONTENT
• On May 19, 1898, Aguinaldo finally returned to the
Philippines on board the U.S cruiser McCulloch, Aguinaldo
conferred with Dewey on Philippines conditions and was
supplied with arms captured from Spaniards. From his
headquarters in Cavite, Aguinaldo announced the
resumption of the revolution against the Spaniards, thus
beginning the second phase of the revolution.
HISTORICAL CONTENT
• The Filipinos immediately flocked to the province to join
the army. By the end of May, Aguinaldo was I command of
an army of 12,000 troops.
HISTORICAL CONTENT
• On May 28, the Filipino forces won their first victory in
Alapan Imus. The newly-made Filipino flag was hoisted in
Alapan, then later unfurled at the Teatro Caviteño in Cavite
Nuevo (now Cavite City) in front of the Filipinos and
captured Spanish soldiers. A group of American officers and
soldiers also witnessed the ceremony.
HISTORICAL CONTENT
• Earlier, on May 24, Aguinaldo announced the creation of the
dictatorial government. The formation of this type of rule
was a necessity when the growing nation needed a strong
leader. He emphasized that the dictatorship was only
temporary as it would be a prelude to the establishment
of a republican form of government.
HISTORICAL CONTENT
• On June 12 1898, Aguinaldo declared Philippine
independence from Spanish rule at a ceremony in his
house in Kawit, Cavite. Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista read
the declaration that was signed by 177 persons, including
an American military officer.
HISTORICAL CONTENT
• The Philippine National anthem then known as “Marcha
Nacional Filipina” composed by Julian Felipe, was played by
the Banda de San Francisco de Malabon and the Philippine
flag was again unfurled.
JULIAN FELIPE
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
• Although the actual author of the proclamation was
Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista, the initiator of Philippine
independence that led to the making of the proclamation
was gen. Emilio Aguinaldo.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Emilio Aguinaldo, (born March 22,
1869, near Cavite, Luzon,
Philippines—died February 6, 1964,
Quezon City), Filipino leader and
politician who fought first against
Spain and later against the United
States for the independence of the
Philippines.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
• Aguinaldo was of Chinese and Tagalog parentage. He attended San
Juan de Letrán College in Manila but left school early to help his
mother run the family farm. In August 1896 he was mayor of Cavite
Viejo (present-day Kawit; adjacent to Cavite city) and was the local
leader of the Katipunan, a revolutionary society that fought bitterly
and successfully against the Spanish.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
• In December 1897 he signed an agreement called the Pact of Biac-
na-Bató with the Spanish governor general.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Aguinaldo agreed to leave the Philippines and to remain permanently in exile
on condition of a substantial financial reward from Spain coupled with the
promise of liberal reforms. While first in Hong Kong and then in Singapore, he
made arrangements with representatives of the American consulates and of
Commodore George Dewey to return to the Philippines to assist the United
States in the war against Spain.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
• Aguinaldo returned to the Philippines May 19, 1898, and announced renewal
of the struggle with Spain. The Filipinos, who declared their independence of
Spain on June 12, 1898, proclaimed a provisional republic, of which
Aguinaldo was to become president; and in September a revolutionary
assembly met and ratified Filipino independence.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
• However, the Philippines, along with Puerto Rico and Guam, were ceded by
Spain to the United States by the Treaty of Paris, which was signed on
December 10, 1898.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
• Relations between the Americans and the Filipinos were unfriendly and grew
steadily worse. On January 23, 1899, the Malolos Constitution—by virtue of
which the Philippines was declared a republic and which had been approved
by the assembly and by Aguinaldo—was proclaimed. Aguinaldo, who had
been president of the provisional government, was elected president.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
• On the night of February 4 the inevitable conflict between the Americans
and Filipinos surrounding Manila was precipitated. By the morning of
February 5 the Filipinos, who had fought bravely, had been defeated at all
points. While the fighting was in progress, Aguinaldo issued a proclamation
of war against the United States, which immediately sent reinforcements to
the Philippines. The Filipino government fled northward. In November 1899
the Filipinos resorted to guerrilla warfare.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
• After three years of costly fighting the insurrection was finally brought to
an end when, in a daring operation on March 23, 1901, led by Gen. Frederick
Funston, Aguinaldo was captured in his secret headquarters at Palanan in
northern Luzon. Aguinaldo took an oath of allegiance to the United States,
was granted a pension from the U.S. government, and retired to private life.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
• In 1935 the commonwealth government of the Philippines was established in
preparation for independence. Aguinaldo ran for president, but he was
decisively beaten. He returned to private life until the Japanese invaded the
Philippines in December 1941. The Japanese used Aguinaldo as an anti-
American tool.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
• He made speeches and signed articles. In early 1942 he addressed a radio
appeal to U.S. Gen. Douglas MacArthur—who at that time was with the U.S.
garrison holding out against the Japanese on Corregidor Island—to
surrender (the troops there did surrender in May 1942, but MacArthur had
already been evacuated).
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
• The Americans returned to the Philippines in late 1944, and, after they had
retaken Manila in 1945, Aguinaldo was arrested. He and others accused of
collaboration with the Japanese were imprisoned for some months before
they were released by presidential amnesty. In 1950 Aguinaldo was
appointed by Pres. Elpidio Quirino as a member of the Council of State. In
his later years he devoted much attention to veterans’ affairs, the
promotion of nationalism and democracy in the Philippines, and the
improvement of relations between the Philippines and the United States.
ABOUT THE TEXT
• On June 10, 1896, Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo issued a one sentence decree
appointing his Auditor General of War, Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista, as a
special commissioner” to write the Act of the Declaration of the
Independence. The result was sixteen-page document that contained the
aspirations of freedom from Spanish rule, the sacrifices made, and the
revolution that resulted from it.
1. When and where Emilio Aguinaldo was born?
2. How much did Aguinaldo paid to Wildman?
3. When did Aguinaldo declared the
independence of Philippines?
4. What is the first name of Philippine National
Anthem?
5. Who composed the Philippine National
Anthem?
6. Who was the first band to played the
Philippine National Anthem?
7. Emilio appointed this person to be the next
president.
8. When was the declaration of Malolos
Republic
9-10. What did the appointed president(refer to
number 7) focused on for the country?
1. March 22, 1869- Cavite
2. P170,000.00
3. June 12, 1898
4. Marha Nacional Filipina
5. Julian Felipe
6. Banda de San Francisco de Malabon
7. Pres. Elipidio Quirino
8. January 23, 1899
9. Nationalism
10.Democracy