STRUCTURE

(AR-404)

SUBMITTED BY:
R.YESHASHCHANDRIKA
BARN1AR18004

SUBMITTED TO:
NIKHIL NANDWANI
 Bogues compounds
1. Cement has its unique importance in construction industry. Since cement
is not a ready made material it constitute of some chemical elements.
2. For a successful cement material the composition of the chemical
elements are such that they will produce a successful cement.
3. Some of the compounds are Calcium, aluminum, silicate, magnesium and
some more.
Bogue’s compound Percentage by mass in
cement
C3S 30-50

C2S 20-45

C3A 8 -12

C4AF 6-10
1. There are four types of
compounds formed during
the hydration of cement.
2. Each Compound has its own property.
3. The property of cement can be changed
by varying the percentage of these
compounds during hydration.
4. There are many types of
cement available in the market
according to the percentage of bogues
compounds formed during the hydration
of cement.
5. The amount of compounds formed
during cement hydration is the main
criteria for the classification of cement.
 Properties of the Bogue’s compounds
1. C3S : - It is responsible for early strength.
- First 7 days strength is due to C3S.
- It produces more heat of hydration
- A cement with more C3S content is better for cold weather concreting.
2. C2S : - The hydration of C2S Starts after 7 days.
Hence it gives strength after 7 days.
- C2S hydrates and hardens slowly and provides much of the ultimate strength.
- It is responsible for the later strength of the concrete.
- It produces less heat of hydration.
3. C3A : - The reaction of C3A with water is very fast.
- It may lead to an immediate stiffening of paste, and it is called Flash Set.
- To prevent this flash set, 2-3% Gypsum is added at a time of grinding cement clinker.
- The hydrated C3A do not contribute to the strength of the concrete.
4. C4AF : - C4AF hydrates rapidly.
- It does not contribute to strength of the concrete.
 Properties of the Bogue’s compounds

CHARACTERISTICS OF HYDRATION OF CEMENT COMPOUND

NAME REACTION TIME STRENGTH SETTING TIME HEAT EVALUATION
DEVELOPMENT
C2S Slow Low or High Low Low

C3S Medium High Low High

C3A Fast Low High Very High

C4AF Medium Low Medium Medium

we can say that Bogues compounds are the complex compound formed during the hydration of
cement.These calculations are explained by a system developed by R.H.Bogue.
When water is mixed with cement, the hydration process begins.The ingredients in concrete react
each other with the help of water and forms more complex compounds.These compounds are called
bogues compounds.

Tricalcium silicate(C3S) ALITE (gives early strength to cement....heat of hydration is 120 cal/gm)
Dicalcium silicate(C2S) BELITE (gives later strength ie after 7 days...less heat of hydration)
Tricalcium aluminate(C3A) CELITE (gives INITIAL strength...high heat of
hydration ...320 cal/g) Tetracalcium alumino ferrite(C4AF), FELITE (very high heat of hydration)
 Types of bogues compounds

1.Tri-Calcium Silicate (C3S)

•Tricalcium silicate promotes cement to hydrate quickly and makes more strength
at early stages.
•Tricalcium silicate have a high heat of hydration
•eg-Rapid Hardening cement
2.Di-Calcium Silicate
•Dicalcium silicate strengthens the concrete from 7 days to 1 year.
•They have less heat of hydration
•eg: Low heat cement
3.Tri-Calcium Aluminate
•Tricalcium aluminate has a small contribution to the strength of first 24 hours
and they have a high heat of hydration.
4.Tetra Calcium Alumino Ferrate.
•Comparatively Inactive
1. • In addition to four major compound
there exists minor compounds, such as
MgO, TiO2, Mn2O3, K2O, Na2O.
2. • Two of the minor compounds of interest
are K2O, Na2O, known as alkalies.
3. They have been found to react with some
aggregates, the product of this reaction
causing disintegration of concrete, and
also have been found to affect strength of
cement.
4. Bogue’s Compounds • With The
advancement of science and technology.
5. It has become possible to recognise and
understand the micro structure of the
cement compound before hydration and
after hydration.
1.The X-ray florescence method, the X-ray
powder diffraction method and use of
powerful electron microscope has helped to
reveal the crystalline or amorphous structure
of the hydrated or unhydrated cement.
2. • Thornbohm and Lechatelier, also
observed four different kind of crystal in thin
sections of cement clinkers. Thornbohm
called these four kind of crystals as alite,
belite, Celite and Felite.
3.Thornbohm’s description of the minerals in
cement was found to be similar to Bogue’s
compound.
4.Hence, Bough’s Compounds C3S, C2S,
C3A, C4AF are sometimes called in
literature as Alite, Belite, Celite, and Felite.
1. The calculations are based on a system
developed by R.H. Bogue.
2. Therefore, the calculated composition is often
referred to as the "Bogue Compounds."
3. Of the four Bogue compounds, tricalcium silicate
(C3S) in cement chemist notation) is typically
the most abundant.
THANK YOU