Reading and Writing Skills

– Description: The development of reading and writing skills as applied to a wide

range of materials other than poetry, fiction, and drama.
– Type: Core Subject
– Number of hours per semester: 80 hours
– Pre-requisite: Oral Communication
– Co-requisite: English Grammar
Content Standard

– The learner realizes that information in a written text may be selected and
organized to achieve a particular purpose.
Performance Standard

– The learner critiques a chosen sample of each pattern of development focusing

on information selection, organization, and development.
Learning Competencies

– By the end of the lesson, the student should be able to describe text as a
connected discourse.
Culminating Performance Task

As a fresh graduate of your law school, you see an advertisement for a paralegal in
a small law firm. You submit your application and have your interview. Soon you
receive an email about your acceptance. On the first day you receive a memo
about your newest assignment: research about a cold case that has just been
opened, the firm is representing the defendant.
Culminating Performance Task
(cont)
Your research requires you to read related books, researches, news articles, and
interview witnesses. You make appointments with the witnesses and do book
reviews, literature reviews, and research reports on what you have gathered. Then
you present your findings in a position paper to your associates
Culminating Performance Task
(cont)
– Goal: Produce 5 specific types of academic writing and professional
correspondence.
– Role 1: The students will play the role of fresh graduate applying for a job.
– Role 2: The students will play the role of HR representative sending an
acceptance email to an applicant.
– Role 3: The students will play the role of paralegal assigned to research on a
case.
Culminating Performance Task
(cont)
– Audience: The interviewer and the associates of the firm
– Situation: An interview and a research task on the job.
– Product: Five specific types of academic writing and five types of professional
correspondence.
– Standard: The students will be graded according to the properties of well
written texts and process approach to writing.
Performance Task for Unit 1

– Performance standard: the learner critiques a chosen sample of each pattern of

development focusing on information selection, organization and development.
– Scenario: You are the editor of CBI’s official newspaper, your task is to edit and
critique your news writer’s output every week.
– Goal: Critically assess a chosen text.
– Role: The students play the role of newspaper editor.
– Audience: the news writers and the student population.
– Product: A critique of a chosen text
– Standard: The students will be graded according to content, grammar, word usage
and logical arrangement of ideas.
Text as
Connected
Discourse
Share

– Is there a particular story or anything that you read, that had a big impact on
you?
– Why do you think it affected you so much?
Discourse

– Using words and language to exchange thoughts and ideas in an orderly

manner.
– Deals with:
1. Grammar
2. Text features
3. Relationships between words
Compare

I hate wet and reiny days.

It rained a lot in 1816.... a lot - like everyday; the weather in Europe was
abnormally wet because it rained in Switzerland on 130 out of the 183 days from
April to September. If I was Mary Shelley I might decide to write a book too.
Afterall, it was the onnly thing you could do without TV or anything. She said that
she "passed the summer of 1816 in the environs of Geneva...we occasionally
amused ourselves with some German stories of ghosts... These tales excited in us a
playful desire of imitation" So, people were stuck inside and bored. Mary Shelley
decided to write a book becuase it was so awful outside. I can totally see her point,
you know? I guess I would write a novel if there was nothing else to do.
“You are beautiful, but you are empty,” he went on. “One could not die for you. To
be sure, an ordinary passerby would think that my rose looked just like you — the
rose that belongs to me. But in herself alone she is more important than all the
hundreds of you other roses: because it is she that I have watered; because it is
she that I have put under the glass globe; because it is she that I have sheltered
behind the screen; because it is for her that I have killed the caterpillars (except
the two or three that we saved to become butterflies); because it is she that I have
listened to, when she grumbled, or boasted, or even sometimes when she said
nothing. Because she is my rose.”
Discourse Markers

– Connect ideas to form a logical text.

1. Conjunctions (and, nor, so, but, therefore, otherwise)
2. Linking devices (coordination, subordination, transition)
Coordination
– Link independent clauses in a sentence
She has been studying Spanish for years, yet she cannot speak a word of it.
Subordination
– Link phrases or dependent clauses to an independent clause in a sentence
Once he overcame his shyness, Gerry excelled in his language classes.
Gerry excelled in his language classes once he overcame his shyness.
Transition
– Link independent clauses within a sentence.
OR
– Link sentences within a paragraph.
For weeks, Chris chose to ignore the “check engine” light on his dashboard; as a
result, he had to pay for major repairs
Text

– The data which is presented in print form.

Remember when we told you to ignore the paragraph = in the last lesson? Well,
now you know what it does! (You also know that it should have been $p.)
Doesn't make any sense because there is no 'paragraph =' in the previous lesson.
The previous lesson does contain $p = $('p'), which I'm assuming is what this
paragraph is actually discussing, but for the sake of clarity it may be good to edit
this.
Writing

– The formation of visible letters or characters as you express your thoughts.

– Keep it simple.
– Keep it interesting.
– Keep it connected.
How to Cook Chicken Adobo chicken simmer for half an hour. Stir occasionally.
Ingredients: Remove the lid and simmer for around 20 minutes
4 to 5 pounds chicken thighs or until the sauce thickens and the chicken
1/2 cup soy sauce becomes tender.
1/2 cup white vinegar Finally, turn off the heat and serve the adobo with
4 cloves of crushed garlic rice.
1 teaspoon black peppercorns
3 bay leaves
Directions:
First, combine the vinegar, soy sauce, peppercorns,
garlic, bay leaves, and chicken thighs in a large pot.
Cover and let the chicken marinate in the
refrigerator for around one to three hours.
Next, bring the chicken to a boil over high heat.
Afterward, lower the heat, cover, and let the
Practice

– It is the “data” or ideas presented in print form.

– It is the use of words to exchange thoughts and ideas in an orderly and
organized manner.
– Technology has helped our lives improve and be more comfortable. _________,
it can also affect us in negative ways. (and, nor, but)
– How do we connect ideas in a text?
– Why is it important in writing that our ideas be connected to one another?
BREAK
Genre and
Genre Forms
Genre

– A literary or artistic category

– Let’s talk literary.
1. Prose
2. Poetry
3. Drama
Prose

– Writing similar to everyday speech and language.

– Based on:
1. Sentences
2. Paragraphs
– Forms:
1. Fiction
2. Non-fiction
 Prose

Non -
Fiction
fiction
 Fiction Non- Fiction

• Narrative • Real: people, places,

• Invented characters things, events
& situations • Keep in mind: topic
• Explore, share, and to present, objective
learn or purpose, and
• Novels, short stories, audience.
fairy tales, folk tales • Biographies,
autobiographies,
essays
 Strong, musical

POETRY
quality

Words are chosen

carefully for meaning

Uses line length and

stanzas
 Lyric
poems
Narrative
poems

Epics
Poetry Forms
Ballads

sonnets

Haiku
 Lyric Musical verses, observations & feelings,
poems single speaker

Narrative
poems Tell a story,

Long narrative poems, about adventures and achievements of

Epics heroes and prominent fugures

Songlike poems that tell a story, about

Ballads adventure and romance, free verse

14 lines, iambic pentameter, each line has 10 syllables, every other

sonnets syllable is accented

From Japan, 17 syllables in 3 lines. 5 in the first line, 7 in the second, 5

Haiku in the third, usually about nature or a eureka moment
Drama

– Told in dialogue by performers before an audience

– Television series, radio plays, movies.
– Elements
1. Character
2. Setting
3. Theme
4. Plot
Drama

– Forms
1. Comedy
2. Tragedy
3. Melodrama
4. Farce
5. Historical drama
Other text classifications

– Literary texts
– Informational texts
Literary Texts

– Short stories
– Novels
– Poems
– Dramas
– Autobiographies
– Essays
Informational texts

– Provide factual information

– Consumer documents
1. Applications
2. Contracts
3. Warranties
4. Manuals
5. Instructions
6. Labels
7. Brochures
– Public documents
1. Government documents
2. Speeches
3. Signs
4. Rules and regulations
– Workplace documents
1. Textbooks
2. Documents
3. Memos
4. Business letters
Evaluation

But their smiles were so wide when they unwrapped my gifts to them. I
would not forget last night’s event. I worried that they wouldn’t like my gift for
them. This is something that I definitely won’t forget! It is only once in a blue
moon that our family would gather together and have fun and just forget all
our worries and problems. Last night, before 12 midnight, I was very busy in
helping my mom prepare our food.

Arrange the sentences according to what you think is its most logical
order.
I would not forget last night’s event. It is only once in a blue moon that our family
would gather together and have fun and just forget all our worries and problems.
Last night, before 12 midnight, I was very busy in helping my mom prepare our
food. I worried that they wouldn’t like my gift for them. But their smiles were so
wide when they unwrapped my gifts to them. This is something that I definitely
won’t forget!
Words and meanings
Words are not just the names of objects of our experience. You cannot just explain
meanings with other words. This is circular. That is why you cannot learn a
language by looking in a dictionary and that is why dictionaries are all organised
differently.
It is difficult to claim that the word is the basic unit of semantics because it is
difficult to establish what counts as a word and also because there is no one-to-
one relationship between words and meanings.
In 150 words or more describe how the text above is connected
discourse
Resources

Sample of Good and Bad Paragraph. (2018). Retrieved from

https://slulibrary.saintleo.edu/c.php?g=367733&p=2485890