COMMUNICATION

CHANNELS
 COMMUNICATION CHANNEL

• A communication channel refers either to a physical transmission medium such as a

wire, or to a logical connection over a multiplexed medium such as a radio channel
in telecommunications and computer networking.
• A channel is used to convey an information signal, for example a digital bit stream,
from one or several senders (or transmitters) to one or several receivers.
• A channel has a certain capacity for transmitting information, communicating data
from one location to another requires some form of pathway or medium.
 DOWNWARD COMMUNICATION
• Traditional views of the communication
process in school organizations have been
dominated by downward communication
flows. Such flows transmit information from
higher to lower levels of the school
organization. School leaders, from central
office administrators to building-level
administrators, communicate downward to
group members through speeches, messages
in school bulletins, school board policy
manuals, and school procedure handbooks.
UPWARD COMMUNICATION
• The behaviorists have emphasized the
establishment of upward communication flows.
In a school organization, this refers to
communication that travel from staff member to
leader. This is necessary not only to determine if
staff members have understood information sent
downward but also to meet the ego needs of
staff. Upward communication is the line
of communication through which subordinates
can convey information, to their seniors.
CONCLUSION
• Both the types of communication are the two aspects of
vertical communication and are complementary to one another.
The success of downward communication can be ascertained
by upward communication, i.e. it evaluates the effectiveness of
policies, plans and strategies executed by the top-level
management, through the response of those working at the
lower levels of the organisational echelon.