GROUP 3

SINAGA MARIA BONITA FARADHILLA SIMBOLON GITO GIOT

ANDRIANI BR. (A1C119085) MARITO
(A1C119057) (A1C119105)

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VERB &
PREPOSITION
CHEMISTRY EDUCATION
 VERB
Verb is a part of speech that expresses
a physical action, mental action, or a
state of being. Becomes the predicate
of the sentences, influenced by the
subject.
Remember, it is used for action. In
other hands, because its occurrences
are always needed in making sentences
, and the sentences can’t be said as
sentences when no verb in it, verb
must exist in sentences.

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Verb is classified into :

1 2 3 4 5 6
Action Transitive Auxiliary Finite & Linking Regular &
verb. & verb. Nonfinite verb. Irregular
Intransitive verb. verb.
verb.

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 ACTION VERB
An action verb tells what someone or something physically or mentally
does or do and express specific actions and used any time you want to
show action or discuss someone doing something.
• Example :
She cleans dining table every morning before leaving
Leo wrote his elder sister a letter last night
Mark kicked the ball
I run faster than Andi
She thinks about poetry all day long
• Another example for action verb :
Drink Run
Drive Dance
Slide
Find Jump
Cut and etc. Think

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 TRANSITIVE & INTRANSITIVE VERB
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TRANSITIVE
Transitive verb is a verb when used in an
active term must have an object and use an
object directly.
Example :
I borrow her pen
She gives that story book to me
She ate the cereal
Her gardener grew the finest tomatoes
I send the letter to my cousin
They sing the indonesia raya song together
She buys the book from the bookstore
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INTRANSITIVE
Intransitive verb is a verb when used in an
active sentence does not need an object.
Example :
She ate for hours on end
He sat alone all afternoon
Joy sings very well
John eats before leaving for school
She runs in the park every morning
Jhon felt happy
She smiled weakly at last
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 AUXILIARY VERB
A modal or an auxiliary verb expresses the mood
of a verb and aspect, voice. the most common
auxiliary verbs are be, do, and have.
• Example :
I may go to the movies
He does want the car after all
Ed is studying french this summer
I do not write my home work now
I have moved into a new house
• Another auxiliary verb :
Can Must
May Ought
Might
Will
Could
Shall Should
Must Would
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 FINITE VERB AND NONFINITE VERB

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FINITE NONFINITE
Finite verb is verb form that has subject and Nonfinite verb is a verb without tense, non-
tense, finite verb form tells when the event finite verb does not provide information about
happened and who or what did it. the time and cannot object without using an
auxiliary verb.
Example :
Everyone uses computers
Example :
He surfed the net. They ate a pizza
Vicky is training hard
Vicky trained hard last year
She has studied with me
I swam with my friend yesterday
I spent a lot of money last week

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 LINKING VERB
Linking verbs are verbs that connect subjects with complements. Complement can
be a predicate noun or a predicate adjective and has no object.
• To be ( is, am, are)
Example :
You are a diligent student
He is a good teacher
I am her brother
• Verbs that related to the five senses (look, smell, feel, taste, and sound)
Example :
You looks so pretty with that dress
It will smell bad when you do not clean it
This durian tastes sweet
Do you feel well after taking the medicine?
Your argumentation sounds rational
• Verbs that indicates a state of being (seem, appear, become, remain)
Example :
It seems difficult to be solved
He becomes the best student in this school
Suddenly a whale appeared very close to our boat
Please remain in your seat before the bell ring
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 REGULAR VERB
Regular verb form their past tense and past participle by
adding ”-ed” in base (simple present ) form. Regular verbs
use ed and ing ending to tell about events in the past,
present, and future. Patterns for making past tense and
past participle of a regular verb are as follows :
• Base form (simple present) doesn`t end in “e” we add “-
ed” in base form to make the past tense and past
participle.
Example:
Abandon – abandoned – abandoned
• Base form (simple present) ends in ”e” . We add “d” in
base form to make the past tense and past participle.
Example :
Abase – abased - abased
• We repeat the last letter of the best form (simple
present) in the past tense and past participle before
adding “ed”
Example :
Rag – ragged – ragged
• Base form (simple present ) ends in “y” (and there is
consonant before “y”). We replace “y” with “I” in the past
tense and past participle before adding “ed“.
Example :
Accompany – accompanied - accompanied
Examples of sentences that use regular verbs :
My mother cooked this meals last night.
He cleaned his bicycle yesterday.
She answered the phone when I knocked the door.
The teacher explained the lesson clearly.
My cousin cried aloud this afternoon.
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 IRREGULAR VERB
Irregular verbs are verbs that have no rules in changing
into preterite and past participle. An irregular verb does
not add ed to show the past tense. Most irregular verbs
change form in the past participle.
Example :
• We bring the box home. (present)
• I wear a new dress. (present) • We brought the box home. (past)
• I wore a new dress. (past) • We have brought the box home. (past participle)
• I have worn a new dress. (past participle)

• My aunt goes to south korea on weekends. (present)

• My aunt went to south korea on weekends. (past)
• My aunt gone to south korea on weekends. (past
participle)

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 PREPOSITION
A preposition is word that indicates the
relationship between a noun and the other
words of a sentence. They explain relationships
of sequence, space, and logic between the
object of the sentence and the rest of
sentence. They help us understand order, time
connections, and positions.

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• Example :
The boys went to town by bus.
The boys are on the bus.
This present is for her.

• Use prepositions to show location, direction or

movement, and time.
There is a mouse under the chair. (Location)
The ducks are waddling towards the pond.
(Movement)
The players must be on the field by 3 o`clock. (Time)

• A preposition can be a single word or two or more

word.
I`m on my way back from Kuala Lumpur.
My house is next to a haunted cemetery.

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PREPOSITION PHRASE
A preposition phrase is made up of a preposition and the words
that follow it. A preposition can be followed by a noun phrase, a
pronoun.
• On our new car = preposition + noun phrase
We found a cat on our new car this morning.
(on our new car this morning is a prepositional phrase)
Prepositions of place tell us where someone or
something is.
• The mobile phone is on the table.
• (is to show verb, on to show preposition of place,
and the table to show noun phrase)
• She has a mole below her lower lip.
• The bookshop is next to the museum.
• There is a small island in the middle of that lake.

• Behind the cupboard = preposition + noun phrase PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE

I think there is a rat behind the cupboard.
(behind the cupboard is a prepositional phrase)
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 Prepositions in combination with adjectives

In formal English, we are told that we should never and a sentence with a preposition. This is
because the term preposition describes a word that is positioned before (pre-) another word. So, if
we put it at the end of a sentence, it would not come before any word at all.
Here are a few examples :

• This is the place that i told you about.

• Have you found the pen you were looking for?
• Who should I give the money to?
• Nobody likes being made fun of.
• These tools are difficult to work with.

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Chemical reactions
Now back to our battery. The positive and negative electrodes are separated by the chemical electrolyte. It can be a liquid, but in
an ordinary battery it is more likely to be a dry powder.
When you connect the battery to a lamp and switch on, chemical reactions start happening. One of the reactions generates
positive ions (shown here as big yellow blobs) and electrons (smaller brown blobs) at the negative electrode. The positive ions
flow through the electrolyte to the positive electrode (from the green line to the red one). Meanwhile, the electrons (smaller
brown blobs) flow around the outside circuit (blue line) to the positive electrode and make the lamp light up on the way.
The electrons and ions flow because of the chemical reactions happening inside the battery—usually two or three of them going
on simultaneously. The exact reactions depend on the materials from which the electrodes and electrolyte are made, and we won't
go into them here. (If you want to know what they are, enter the type of the battery you're interested in followed by the words
"anode cathode reactions" in your favorite search engine.) Whatever chemical reactions take place, the general principle of
electrons going around the outer circuit and ions flowing in the opposite direction through the electrolyte happens in all batteries.
As the battery generates power, the chemicals inside it are gradually converted into different chemicals. Their ability to generate
power dwindles, the battery's voltage slowly falls, and the battery eventually runs flat. In other words, if the battery cannot
produce positive ions because the chemicals inside it have become depleted, it can't produce electrons for the outer circuit either.
Now you may be thinking: "Hang on, this doesn't make any sense! Why don't the electrons just take a short cut and hop straight
from the negative electrode through the electrolyte to the positive electrode? It turns out that, because of the chemistry of the
electrolyte, electrons can't flow through it in this simple way. In fact, so far as the electrons are concerned, the electrolyte is pretty
much an insulator: a barrier they cannot cross. Their easiest path to the positive electrode is actually by flowing through the outer
circuit. 9
THANK
YOU !💓