Recall

Which among
the theories
we’ve discussed,
do you apply
more often in
making an
ethical decision?
 Objective
1. Discuss the basic principles of deontology

2. Apply the concepts of agency and autonomy to

one’s moral experience

3. Evaluate actions using the universalizability

 Quiz 1

Write down 5 facts about Deontology from the

video that will be flashed on the next slide
1. Uses rules to distinguish right from wrong
2. Associated with Kant
3. Ethical actions follow universal moral laws as don't lie, don't cheat etc.
4. People follow the rules and do their duty
5. Does not requires weighing the cost and benefit of the situation.
6. This approach tends to fit well with our natural intuition about what is or
is not ethical
7. You just have to follow the rules
8. Disregard possible consequences of our actions
9. It avoids Subjectivity and uncertainty
10. Produce results that people find unacceptable
1. Uses rules to distinguish right from wrong

You were asked by your teacher to sumbit your

project on Monday.

Obedience supports the theory of deontology,

disobedience therefore, violates it.
 2. Associated with Immanuel
Kant
1724-1804
 2. Associated with Immanuel Kant

Kant is a German enlightenment philosopher who

wrote “Groundwork toward Metaphysics of
Morals”, which intends to develop “supreme
power of morality”

It is called, “supreme” because it is based on

faculty of reason, that separates us from animals
3. Ethical actions follow universal moral laws as don't lie, don't
cheat etc.

Universal law

- concepts of legal legitimacy actions, whereby

those principles and rules for governing human
beings' conduct which are most universal in their
acceptability, their applicability and philosophical
basis
4. People follow the rules and do
their duty
5. Does not require weighing the cost and benefit of the situation
 6. This approach tends to fit well with our
natural intuition about what is or is not ethical
7. You just have to follow the rules
8. Disregard possible consequences of our actions
9. It avoids subjectivity and uncertainty
10. Produce results that people find unacceptable
 Summary
1. Uses rules to distinguish right from wrong
2. Associated with Kant
3. Ethical actions follow universal moral laws
as don't lie, don't cheat etc.
4. People follow the rules and do their duty
5. Does not requires weighing the cost and
benefit of the situation.
6. This approach tends to fit well with our
natural intuition about what is or is not
ethical
7. You just have to follow the rules
8. Disregard possible consequences of our
actions
9. It avoids Subjectivity and uncertainty
10. Produce results that people find
 Deontology

Deon -comes from the Greek word obligation or duty

Deontology- study of duty and obligation

 According to Kant,

• Deontology is about the ability of human to “act”

than just “react”

• Humans are capable of reasoning

Which makes human different from animals 

Are you more human than animal?

Let’s find out..

How do dogs respond to a visitor?
 How do humans respond to a
visitor?
How do dogs respond to call of nature as having
the need to pee?
How do human respond to call of nature as having
the need to pee?
Proactive vs. Reactive
Reactive Language
There’s nothing I can do

That’s just the way I am

He makes me mad

I have to do that

I can’t
Proactive Language

Let’s look at our alternatives

I control my feelings

I will choose an appropriate response

I choose

I prefer
 Reactive

There’s nothing I can do, because _______________________________________

That’s just the way I am therefore_______________________________________
He makes me mad that is why _______________________________________
I have to do that because ______________________________________
I can’t _______________________________________
 Proactive

Let’s look at our alternatives by ________________________________

I control my feelings of _________________________________
I will choose an appropriate response to ________________________________
I choose to _______________________________
I prefer to _______________________________
You will have your second quiz after the
discussion
Let’s look at our alternatives
I control my feelings
I will choose an appropriate response
I choose
I prefer
There’s nothing I can do because
That’s just the way I am
He makes me so mad
I have to do that
I can’t
As a Marian student, you should get your self
involved in community service
Let’s look at our alternatives
I control my feelings
I will choose an appropriate response
I choose
I prefer
There’s nothing I can do because
That’s just the way I am
He makes me so mad
I have to do that
I can’t
Let’s look at our alternatives
I control my feelings
I will choose an appropriate response
I choose
I prefer
There’s nothing I can do because
That’s just the way I am
He makes me so mad
I have to do that
I can’t
 Quiz 2

Group yourself with 10 members

1-5 (The Proactives)

6- 10 (The Reactives)
 As a son or daughter

1. Jake, why do you always go home late?

 As an applicant
2. I’m sorry to say, but your
qualifications aren’t suitable for the
position you are applying for
 As a worker
3. Your supervisor told you that will be
assigned in the province while your
field manager is on his leave
 As a Roman Catholic

4. I respect your religion, but I don’t

really believe in those icons. To me, it’s
idolatry
 As a Citizen

5. On your way to school, you see your

neighbour’s dumping garbage on the
river
1. Jake, why do you always go home late?
2. I’m sorry to say, but your qualifications aren’t
suitable for the position you are applying for
3. Your supervisor told you that will be assigned in
the province while your field manager is on leave
4. I respect your religion, but I don’t really believe
in those icons. To me, it’s idolatry
5. On your way to school, you see your neighbors
dumping garbage on the river
 Autonomy

Autos - self
Nomos - law

Autonomy- Self Legislating

 Heteronomy

Hetero- others
Nomos- law

Heteronomy- the state or condition of

being ruled, governed, or under the
sway of another
When you were young, your parents teach and
assist you to brush your teeth because if you
don’t they will no longer buy you chocolate and
candies, as you get older you do it on your own
will because it’s oral hygiene.
 Quiz Review
1. What is Deontology?

•Study of duty and obligation

•Deontology is about following the rules
•Consequences of the action is not
important
2. Who is the Philosopher that is
associated with Deontology?
Immanuel Kant
3-4
According to (your answer for no.2), what makes us
distinct from animals?

a. Deontology is about the ability of human to “act” than

just “react”

b. Men have the faculty for reason

Give 5 examples of a
Proactive Language

5-6
 Give 2 examples of a
Reactive Language

5 5. 7-8

7.
Allen is late for work, ironically there is a traffic congestion
on his way to his office. He is reactive, therefore his
response with the situation would have been…

9. There’s nothing I can do _____________

10. That’s just the way I am therefore _____________
11. I can’t __________
12. He makes me feel that is why _____________
Lyka is not familiar with the traffic ordinance in
Valenzuela City, because of this a traffic enforcer
approached her and accused her of jay-walking. She is
proactive, therefore her reaction would have been…

13. I will choose an appropriate response by _________

14. Let’s look at our alternatives by ___________
15. I control my feelings of ___________
 Case Analysis 16-20
Shane’s attention was called by her immediate
supervisor. To her surprise, she was asked to write
a resignation letter. She did her work the best way
she can, and don’t remember that she committed
any violation that will result to her forced
termination. What will be your moral decision,
applying the theories of Bentham, Mill, Aquinas
and Kant
 Case Analysis (16-40)

Suppose you are working in a company and your boss asked you to bring the
money (bribe) to a government agency in order to obtain permit to operate
a factory near residential areas. What will be your moral decision if you
are….

16-20 Kant (Deontology)

21-25 Aquinas (Natural law)
26-30 Bentham (Quantitative model)
31-35 Mill (Qualitative model)
36-40 You (Your own moral decision)

Justify your answer.

Correct Answer
 1st possible answer
(Morally wrong)

1. If I am Kant, I will bring the bribe money to the

government agency

Justification: I have to follow the rules and do my

duty and obligation because I might lose my job,
even it means compromising the health of the
residents
 2nd possible answer
(Morally Right)

1. If I am Kant, I will not bring the bribe money to

the government agency

Justification: I have to follow the rules and do my

duty and obligation but the constitution is above
all. I might lose my job, but I can apply in a
another company anyway. I also have an option to
report him to the authority.
2. If I am Aquinas, I will not bring the bribe money
to the government agency.

Justification:
I have conscience and I am defined by my good
habits. Even the Natural, Eternal, Divine and
Human law supports my stand of not tolerating
what I perceived wrong.
3. If I am Bentham, I will not bring the bribe
money to the government agency

Justification: The residents might benefit from

the factory because it will create more jobs for
the residents. But there is an option to built it
somewhere else far from residential area.
4. If I am Mill, I will not follow my boss because it
will affect the value of lives of the people living in
the area where the factory will be built.

Justification: Building a factory near the

residential area will compromise the value of lives
(health) of the people living in the area. Anyway,
it could be built somewhere else far from the
residential area.
My Ow n answer

I will not bring the bribe money to the government agency as I was asked by my boss because it violates many ethical theories

It is against my conscience and violates the all

other laws as the natural law etc. (Aquinas)
Many residents will be affected (Bentham) that
will affect the value (Mill) of their lives because it
might put the health of the residents at risk.
 As a son or daughter

1. Jake, why do you always go home late?

 As an applicant
2. I’m sorry to say, but your
qualifications aren’t suitable for the
position you are applying for
 As a worker
3. Your supervisor told you that will be
assigned in the province while your
field manager is on his leave
 As a Roman Catholic

4. I respect your religion, but I don’t

really believe in those icons. To me, it’s
idolatry
 As a Citizen

5. On your way to school, you see your

neighbour’s dumping garbage on the
river
1. Jake, why do you always go home late?
2. I’m sorry to say, but your qualifications aren’t
suitable for the position you are applying for
3. Your supervisor told you that will be assigned in
the province while your field manager is on leave
4. I respect your religion, but I don’t really believe
in those icons. To me, it’s idolatry
5. On your way to school, you see your neighbors
dumping garbage on the river
Do you have questions?

What values can you associate with our topic?

Do these knowledge promote justice and peace?

Did we meet the objectives?

Trust in the LORD with all your heart and lean not
on your own understanding; in all your ways
submit to him, and he will make your paths
straight.

Proverbs 3:5-6
 Reference:

Bulaong, Oscar G. et al. Ethics Foundations of

Moral Valuation, REX Bookstore, 2018

Lesson is available at the google classroom code

 Lesson is available
@ google classroom code: s6rwo82
The End