Topical Agents

3rd Year Pharmacy

2017 - 2016
 Outline
Classification a- protective b- antimicrobial •
agents
A- protective products •
Talc , Zinc oxide ZnO, Calamine, Titinum oxide •
TiO2, Al products& silicon polymer
Antimicrobials •
Mechanism 1-oxidation H2O2,ZnO,KMnO4, Iodine •
Halogenations NaOCl -2 •
.protein ppt AgNO3 -3 •
 Protective Agents
Protective •
Any agent that isolates the exposed •
surface from harmful or annoying stimuli
:Properties of protective agents •
Insoluble in water •
Chemical Inertness
Adsorbent
Deeper penetration of topical agents are also •
seen in many cases which are beneficial.
(Penetration of antiseptics into the tissue
below the skin prevents the possibility of deeper i  •
-)nfections

•
 Protective Agents
Talc
Talc (Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 •
protective: native hydrous magnesium silicate, •
.common name and chemical formula
Soapstone can be grinding in 80/100 mesh •
.particle size
,As grease touch., insoluble in water •
Uses as protective agents , as lubricants and in •
 pharmaceuticals, as cosmetics, ceramics,  for
,plastic cloves
 Zinc Oxide ( ZnO )

White or fait yellow color powder, insoluble in •

water. Other formulation as Zinc Oxide ointment
.for adult, & Zinc Oxide in Glycerin for children
Dusting powder, used astringent and protective •
topical agent, mild antiseptic, used in the acne
preparation, eczema,& psoriasis
.It is usually used in the manufacture of plasters •
Calamine ZnO and Fe2O3
It used as dusting powder, lotions, •
ointments, as smoothing agents, for
sunburn, eczema, urticaria. Calamine
.lotion is very popular
 Boric Acid H3BO3
Is a weak acid, used as antiseptic, and as •
.chemical precursor for many reactions
:Uses •
Antiseptic -1 •
dilute solution for eye wash -2 •
Acne-3 •
.Vaginal douche against bacteria -4 •
.It used as protective against athlete foot-5 •
 Titanium dioxide TiO2

Topical protective agents as cream is •

used against sunscreen to protect the skin
.aganist ultra-violet light ( U.V.)
The organic topical protective agents is •
. P-aminobenzoic acid ( PABA) •
 Antimicrobial Agents
:Antiseptic •
Any agent which kills or inhibits the growth of •
.microorganisms found in living tissue
:Disinfectant •
Any agent which kills or inhibits the growth of •
.microorganisms found in inanimate objects
:Germicide •
General term for fungicide, bactericide, •
amoebicide
 Mechanisms of action of
antimicrobials
:There are THREE proposal mechanisms •
Oxidation-1 •
2-Halogenation
-Protein Precipitation3
 Oxidation
cell membrane of bacteria

SH SH S---S •
Halogenation the protein of the
cell membrain
---H2N CHR CO NH CHR1 •

NaOCl )HOCl(

...!H2NCHRCONCl CHR
 Protein pption that kill the
microbe
----H2NCHR1CONHCHR2 •

AgNO3 •

---H2NCHR1CONHCHR2 •
•
Ag •
 Hydrogen Peroxide H2O2
liquid not store in glass bottles because it •
decompose ,it store in white plastic
container, keep in cold dark place to
.prevent decomposition
: There are many uses •
Antiseptic for wash wound , teeth and -1 •
ear
.Bleaching color ( hair )-2 •
.Laundry for cloths -3 •
 Sodium Perborate •
Antimicrobial:  •
Composite of H2O2, NaBO2 and NaOH
Used as bleaching agent in non-chlorine
laundry bleaches
 Potassium Permanganate KMnO4
Chemically is a strong oxidizing agent, •
.solid purple crystalline , odorless
.Store in well closed container •
:Uses •
Oxidizing agent for skin disease in -1 •
different concentrations 1: 5000, 1:15000
.used in swimming pool for athlete foot -2 •
Strong oxidizing for many organic -3 •
.reactions
 Iodine I2
It is dark violet ,insoluble in water , but the •
I2 + KI = I3 – Complex soluble in water as iodine solution, •
soluble in alcohol known as tincture iodine
Iodine solution weak solution ( 25g I2 + 25g KI ) in 100ml •
.And strong solution ( 50g I2 + 50g KI ) in 100 ml •

Iodine preparations and compounds •

Antimicrobial property due to oxidation and Iodination •
disinfectants
.A chemical reagents in analytical reagent •
.In drug synthesis •
.In Povidin iodine as new product •
 Povidone Iodine ( PVP – I)
is a stable chemical complex of poly vinyl •
pyrrolidine iodide. It is broad spectrum
antiseptic for wounds. It is used
. disinfectant
 Halogenation -2
Dakin's Solution •
Sodium hypochlorite solution, (usp)  •
,Contains 4-6% of NaOCl
It is made from bleach that has been •
diluted and treated to decrease irritation.
Chlorine, the active ingredient in Dakin's
solution, is a strong antiseptic that kills
..most forms of bacteria and viruses
 Protein ppt (Silver Nitrate AgNO3) -3

Prepare as 1% AgNO3 , protective from •

light due to oxidation. Effective against
.gonococcal organism
Antimicrobial activity of these compounds •
.is due to protein precipitant action
.used eye newborn babies 1% •