Digestive system

OLEH
VIVI SISKA
Digestive system
 definition
digestive system is
an organ system that
works to receive food
from outside and
prepare it to be
absorbed by the body
through a series of
specific processes
both technically and
enzymatically
 digestive system function
• oral cavity (teeth,tongue and the openings of
the ducts of the salivary glands)
• pharynx
• esophagus
• stomach/gaster (cell:mucolu,chief,pariental
• small intestine (cells;globet,microvilli
enteroendocrine;liver,gallbladder,pancreas)
• large intestine
• anuss
 digestive system function

 the fungsi of the digestive sytem is

to change these complex organic
nutrient molecules into simple
organic ang inorganic melecules that
can then be absorbed into the blood
or lymph to be trasported to cells
(scanlon cells.207)
 Digestive System Section

the two divisions of the digestive system

are :
the alimentary tube extends from the
mounth to the anus.it consists of the oral
cavity,pharynx (oropharynx)
esophagus,stomach,small intestine,and
large intestina
the accessory organs of digestion are the
teeth,tongue, salivary glands,liver,
gallbladder,and pancreas.degestion does not
take place within these organs,but each
 Type of Digestion Process
• Mechanical digestion is the physical breaking up of
food into smaller pieces, example:chewing
• the work of the digestive enzymes is the chemical
digestion of broken-up food particles,in which complex
chemical molecules are changet into much simpler
chemicals that the body can utilize.such enzymes are
specific with respect to the fat,protein,or carbohydrate.
example: protein-digesting enzymes work only on
proteins,not on carbohydrates or fats.
 Organic Molecules in Food
• three types of complex organic molecules found in
food are:
1. Carbohydrates (amilium & disaccharides)→ are
digested to maltose & monosaccharides such as
glucose, fructose.and galactose
2. proteins→amino acids
3. fast→fatty acids and glycerol
Also part of food.and released during
digestion,are vitamins.minerals,and water
 Oral Cavity

 Oral cavity limit:

 superior: hard palates & hard
palates
 later: mukosapipi
 inferior: the floor of the mouth
 In the oral cavity there are:
 teeth
 tongue
 drooling estuary
Oral cavity
 Teeth
 function: chewing (a mechanical process
whereby food is converted into smaller
pieces, while mixed with saliva)
 types of teeth (incisivus, canines, plemoral,
molar

 Tongue
tongue function: helps move food when
chewed / swallowed. taste (taste sense) of
speech
 salivary glands
• Saliva / saliva = digestive fluid in the oral cavity
• estuary from: parotid kelencer, submandibular, sublingual.
• triggers salivary secretion; food, foreign matter, food odor →
parasympathetic
• reduce secretion: stress → sympathetic
• Amylase enzyme: Amylum → Maltose
• phatynx
• Oropharynx & laryngopharynx
• Foodpassageways connecting oral cavity-esophagus, no digestion
 Esophagus

 Esophagus
 Peristaltic no digestion
 lower esophageal sphincter
 Rolax → Bolus enter the
stomach
 Contraction → prevent
gastric fluid from entering the
esophagus
Stomach/Gaster
Mucous cell→mucus
parietal cel→HCI &Faktor
intrinsik
Chief cell→ Pepsinogen
G cell→ hormon Gastrin
HCI:Pepsinogen→pepsin
Pepsin:
polypeptide→peptide
 Enzymatic Digestion
• complex organic molecules digestionlocalization molecular changes that
occur Carbohydrates 1. Mulut 1 Amilum→Maltosa (amylase saliva)
2 Amilum→maltosa(amylase pancreas)
2 Duodenum 3 Maltosa→glucosa+glucosa(maltase)
Laktosa→glucosa+galactosa(lactase)
3 jejunum-ileum Sukrosa→glucosa+fruktosa(sucrase)
Protein 1.Lambung 1.protein→polypeptide(pepsin)
2.Duodenum 2.polypeptide→peptide (trypsin)
3.jejunum-ileum 3.peptide→asam amino(peptidase)

Lemak 1.Duodenum 1.lipid→lipid teremulsi(garam empedu)

jejunum, ileum lipid teremulsi→asam lemak+glycerol(lipase)