Republic of the Philippines

MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
General Santos City

Module # 3: Philosophical Foundations

of Science Education
Lesson # 2: LOGIC and
EPISTEMOLOGY
 OBJECTIVES:
LOGI
C Define Logic
Trace the history of Logic
Know the concepts and significance
of Logic
EPISTEMOLOGY

Define Epistemology
Introduce the concepts of Epistemology
Significance of studying Epistemology
 Meaning of
Meaning of
Logic
Logic

 the science and art of

correct thinking
THE BIRTH OF LOGIC
Greece (400 B.C)
ARISTOTLE initiated the formal
study of logic
known for his “syllogistic
logic”
called logic an organon
CHRYSSIPUS
 developed logic which the fundamental
elements were propositions
IN MIDDLE AGE:

 PETER ABELARD (1079 - 1142)

• he reconstructed and refined the logic of his
predecessors
• he originated a theory of universals

GOTTFRIED WILHELM LEIBNIZ

• Father of Symbolic Logic
IN 19TH CENTURY
• JOHN STUART MILL
a British philosopher who initiated
the inductive logic

• IN 20TH CENTURY
• ALFRED NORTH WHITEHEAD & BERTRAND
RUSSEL
introduce mathematical logic
It improves the quality of
one’s reasoning

Gives an opportunity to
practice the analysis,
evaluation and the
construction of arguments

Provides rational capability to any

one
EPISTEMOLOGY

Epistemology came from Greek

words “episteme” which means
“knowledge” and “logos” which
means “study of”

It is a branch of philosophy
which deals with the study of
knowledge.
EVOLUTION OF
EPISTEMOLOGY
PLATO – knowledge is merely an
awareness of absolute, universal Ideas
or Forms

ARISTOTLE – logical and empirical

methods for gathering knowledge

RENAISSANCE – empiricism and

rationalism
KINDS OF KNOWLEDGE

•procedural knowledge/ competence (know - how)

- kind of knowledge which an individual can
know how to do certain things

•acquaintance/familiarity knowledge
- knowledge which an individual can accustomed
certain facts, events, etc.

•propositional knowledge
- knowledge in getting the meaning of a certain
statement
• NATURES OF KNOWLEDGE

• Belief

• Truth
• Justification

It must be true.

We must actually believe it.
There must be sufficient
evidence for it (it must be
justified).
PERCEPTION – knowledge which can be perceivable
by senses

REASON – innate ideas

INTROSPECTION – self – evaluation

MEMORY – stored knowledge

TESTIMONY – relies on others to acquire knowledge

Powerpoint Templates
Page 12
SIGNIFICANCE OF EPISTEMOLOGY

• obtaining knowledge

• determining the true from the false

• guide in achieving excellent outcome

Picture Page Layout

The end…