Review Time

Talkie Time: Research worth Sharing

Lesson 2, Objectives : The learner

4. differentiates quantitative from qualitative

research

5. provide examples of research in areas of

interest (arts, humanities, sports, science,
business, agriculture and fisheries, information
and communication technology, and social
inquiry)
Tell whether the following is an IP topic or not:

1. Effects of Typhoon
2. Digestion process due to exercise
3. sleeping patterns of birds
4. skipping rope
5. perception of Mandaya tribe
6. pin pricking effects
7. ticking of the clock
8. flying kites
9. wild berries ink
10. behavioral patterns
11. breast walking with music
12. breast walking in park
13. moon and behavior
14. bread and butter
15. grades and teaching
Let the students identify whether the following is a quantitative
or qualitative research:

1.Metacognitive skills 6. Stress level

2. love and hate relationship 7. Stressors
3.emotional quotient 8. Aggression-reaction
4.intelligent quotient 9. Technical skills
5. factors affecting drop out 10. Behavior pattern
What is qualitative research?

Qualitative research is a type of scientific research. In general terms, scientific

research consists of an investigation that:

• seeks answers to a question

• systematically uses a predefined set of procedures to answer the question

• collects evidence

• produces findings that were not determined in advance

• produces findings that are applicable beyond the immediate boundaries of the
study

Qualitative research is especially effective in obtaining culturally specific

information about the values, opinions, behaviors, and social contexts of particular
populations.
Qualitative Research

•McMillan and Schumacher (2003) defined qualitative research as,

“primarily an inductive process of organizing data into categories and
identifying patterns (relationships) among categories.” This definition
implies that data and meaning emerge “organically” from the research
context.

Also called : interpretive research,

naturalistic research, phenomenological
research
 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

• ‘Qualitative Research…involves finding out

what people think, and how they feel - or at
any rate, what they say they think and how
they say they feel. This kind of information
is subjective. It involves feelings and
impressions, rather than numbers’
• Bellenger, Bernhardt and Goldstucker, Qualitative Research in
Marketing, American Marketing Association
Comparing Quantitative and Qualitative Research

What are the basic differences between quantitative and

qualitative research methods?
Quantitative and qualitative research methods differ primarily
in:
• their analytical objectives

• the types of questions they pose

• the types of data collection instruments they use

• the forms of data they produce

• the degree of flexibility built into study design

 Quantitative
General framework Seek to confirm hypotheses
about phenomena
  Instruments use more rigid style
of eliciting and categorizing
responses to questions
 
  Use highly structured methods
such as questionnaires, surveys,
and structured observation
Analytical objectives
To quantify variation
  To predict causal relationships
  To describe characteristics of a
population
Question format
Closed-ended
Data format Numerical (obtained by assigning Textual (obtained from
numerical values to responses)
Qualitative
Seek to explore phenomena
 
Instruments use more flexible,
iterative style of eliciting and
categorizing responses to
questions
Use semi-structured methods
such
as in-depth interviews, focus
groups, and participant
  observation
To describe variation
To describe and explain
relationships
To describe individual
experiences
To describe group norms
Open-ended
audiotapes, videotapes, and field
notes)
    
Flexibility in study design Study design is stable from Some aspects of the study are
beginning to end flexible (for example, the
  addition,
exclusion, or wording of
    particular
interview questions)
   
  Participant responses do not Participant responses affect
how
influence or determine how and and which questions
  researchers
which questions researchers ask ask next
 
next
    
  Study design is subject to Study design is iterative, that is,
statistical assumptions and data collection and research
 
conditions questions are adjusted
  according
to what is learned
   
QUALITATIVE VS QUANTITATIVE
Qualitative Quantitative
Research Research
Type of questions Probing Limited probing
Sample Size small large
Info. Per much varies
respondent
Admin Requires skilled Fewer specialist
researcher skills required
Type of Analysis Subjective, Statistical
interpretative
Type of research Exploratory Descriptive or
causal
How do you apply The Research Thrusts of 21st century

Health and Welfare Conservation and

Environment Safety

Food Production and Culture and Arts

Sustainability

Social Awareness
Technology and
Development