Mechanical Seal Presentation

• It is our pleasant privilege to have an opportunity

to extend a warm & co ordial welcome to all of you
to attend the technical seminar on Mechanical seal.
We thank you all for sparing your valuable time to
be with us,inspite of your Busy Schedule
• This Presentation will give us a Complete
knowledge of Mech Seals & its Failure.
• With a total 73 Slides the Estimated time of the
Seminar would be close to 60 Mins.
 WELCOME TO SUPER
GROUP OF COMPANIES.

Manufactures of Centrifugal Pumps

& Mechanical Seals.
SuperFlow Pumps Pvt. Ltd.

•We are one of the reputed Pump

Manufactures in International
Market belonging to Super Group
of Industries.
•Chemical Process Pumps in High
Grade Investment Casting having
very smooth finish resulting in
better efficiency.
•Flow Upto 1100m3/hr.
•Head Upto 130 mtr.
•Efficiency up to 87 %
•Temperature- Upto 350 Deg C
•We can supply pumps in
•C.S. ( Mild Steel, W.C.B)
•CF8 (SS 304) CF8M (SS316)
• CN7M (Alloy-20),
• Hastalloy C, HastalloyB
Introduction
Super Mechanical Seals Pvt. Ltd.
•Since 1978
•Designed to fit into every
Rotating Equipment-
• Pumps,
• Agitators,
•Mixers etc.
•Catering the needs of
•Chemicals, Fertilizers
•Petrochemicals,
Refineries,
•Power Stations, Solvent
• Extraction Plants, Textile.
•Handling all kinds of fluids like
Acids, Chemicals, Hazardous
Corrosive Slurries etc.
•Operating under different
temperature and pressure
conditions.
 OPTIONS FOR SEALING LEAKAGE AT
PUMP-SHAFT
• Packing Ropes
• Oil Seals
• Injectable sealants
• Mechanical seals
• Leakless or Zero leak constructions
– Diaphragm pumps
– Canned motor pumps
– Magnetically coupled pumps
Super mechanical seals

USE OF GLAND ROPE.

INTRODUCTION TO SEAL 1/6
Sealing of Liquid Using Gland Rope

Sleeve/Shaft Wear And

Tear is common due to
packing's Leaking Process Fluid
 Why Gland packed pumps should be
converted to a mechanical seal
• To save the costly pumping fluid.
• Packing Damages the sleeves.
• Power consumption is upto 6 times more.
• Increase in bearing life as lubricating oil is moist
proof.
• Cannot attain Vacuum Conditions because of air
Ingestion
Introduction to
Mechanical Seals
•Some form of seal must
be applied to save liquid
from leaking around the
shaft at the point where
it enters the stuffing
box.
•Mechanical seal is a
device used to prevent
leakage of fluid from the
space between the
rotating shaft and the
stuffing box.
 Leakage Path In Mechanical Seals
Primary Leakage path Secondary Leakage path
• Between Rotating and • Between the
stationary Faces – Shaft & sleeve.
• Sealed by the formation of – Gland plate & stuffing box.
very thin liquid film • This leakage is sealed by
between the faces, “O” ring, PTFE wedge, “U”
• Reduces the frictional heat Packing, gasket etc.
and wear of the faces.
Super Mechanical Seals

CLASSIFICATION OF SEALS
(2/6)
Classification Of seal Based on Operating
Pressure
Mechanical Seal

Unbalanced. Balanced.
Pressure less than Pressure more
6Kg/Cm2 than 6 kg/cm2

Secondary packing's

O rings
U- Packing Wedge Ring
 Balanced Seals
A balanced seal
helps to contain
the rate of
wear, by
Ensuring
optimal force
on the faces.

Since Force = Pressure X Area.

Force is balanced by balancing lapped face areas
 Multi Spring With Retainer
Balanced Seal with Inbuilt Sleeve – O
Unbalanced Seal– O Ring Ring

Type-9101 Type- 9702

Classification Based on Spring

Mechanical Seal

Single Spring Multiple Spring

Secondary packing's

O ring U -Packing Wedge

 Classification Based on Spring
Single Spring with O Ring Multi Spring with O ring

Type - 8201 Type- 9201

Classification based on Location
Mechanical Seal

Outside Mounted Inside Mounted

Teflon Bellow Metallic Multi Multi / Single Spring

Spring Reverse
1) GFT/ Ceramic. balanced Seal
2) SicFT/ Ceramic 1) Carbon /Sic
External Mechanical Seal
Most Useful For sealing
vacuum
 Classification Based on Location
(Outside Mounted)

Teflon Bellow Multi Spring Balanced Seal

Type 6242 ( Low Pressure) Type 9402 ( High Pressure)

OVERVIEW OF THE CLASSIIFCATION
• Balanced face
Pressure • Unbalanced
face

• Outside.
location
• Inside

• Multi Spring
Spring
• Single spring
Super Mechanical Seals

SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEM

DOUBLE MECHANICAL SEAL
OVERVIEW OF A.P.I. PLAN (3/6)
 Seal Support System
Thermosyphon Vessel Thermosyphon With hand pump
• Used for
– Storage & pressurising unit
– cooling & lubrication to seal
faces
• Cooling Coil Inside helps to
bring down the barrier fluid
temperature coming from
Seal to thermosyphon.
Seal Support System (Thermosyphon)
Buffer Fluid Container fitted in pump
 Pumping Ring
 A pumping ring is installed
to carry out liquid in the
required direction.
 Its location and direction of
grooves are decided as per
the requirement.
 Most of our cartridge dual
seals come equipped with a
built in pumping ring.
 Seal Support System
Cyclone Separator Separator fitted in pump
 Seal Support System.
API plan 31 & 41.
Cyclone Separator
• Fitted Between Pump
Discharge and Suction
• Reduce the abrasive
Feed from
particles Damaging the seal Pump
Face. Discharge
• Due to the centrifuging
action of the fluid in the
Chamber, Upto 60% of
Insoluble Impurities can be
removed Abrasive to
Suction
 Double Mechanical Seals
• Dual seals can be installed in Three different
configurations.
 Back to back or facing in opposite directions
 Tandem or facing in the same direction
Recommended in API 682 10th Edition
 Face to face or facing towards each other
Barrier, Quenching, Buffer Fluids for Double
seal
• Barrier Fluid : Pressure greater than St.Box
• Quenching : Pressure 0.5 kg/cm2 ; 1m3/hr
: Nitrogen / Steam, water
• Buffer Fluid : Pressure Lower Than St. Box
: Ethylene Glycol/Methanol
• Used To : Transfer the Hydraulic Loads. Faces Do
not wear out. Required lubrication is provided
at the same time.
 Tandem Seal
• Due to health, safety and environmental considerations there
is a growing trend towards the use of Tandem Seal.
• These are Double Mechanical Seals facing in the same
direction (Face to Back).
• The Inboard seal is designed to withstand full products
pressure.
• The Outboard seal operates in a suitable buffer fluid at
atmospheric or lower than St. Box Pressure.
• To avoid the heat generated by outboard seal a pumping ring
is used on outboard seal to create a flow through
Thermosyphon to supply cool buffer fluid.
Tandem Seals Arrangement

•If a primary seal fails, the API Plan 11 / Buffer Fluid

Outboard seal can take Clear Flush Inlet
over and function until
•Alarm systems are also
available
•When rise of pressure in
secondary seal or the
increase of fluid level in
reservoir
•Used for
•Vinyl Chloride,
•Carbon Monoxide,
•light Hydrocarbon
•volatile Toxic
•API plan 52
 API Plans
Purpose
Auxiliary –Features
Environment for Seal
Features –
• Thermosyphon
1. Quenching
• Filter, Cyclone Separator, etc.
2. Flushing
• Barrier Fluid Container and Circulator
3. Drain
4. Vent
API Plans
Super Mechanical Seals

BRIEF DISCUSSION ON
MECHANICAL SEAL (4/6)
Causes Of Centrifugal Pump
Failure
Coupling5%
Operation5%
impeller
3%
Roller bearing14% Misallignment 34%

Mechanical Seal
39%
 Mechanical Seal MOC
• Standard MOC for our • Standard Secondary Sealing
Metallic Components MOC
 SS 316  Viton O Rings
 SS 316 L  Aflas “
 Alloy 20  Kalrez “
 Duplex Steel  P.T.F.E/G.F.T Packings,
 Titanium “V”Rings
 Seal Face Properties.
Material Brief Construction Properties Hardness (RockWell)
Rc
Carbon Metal Impregnated Abrasion & corrosion 60-70
Resistant
Resin Impregnated •Good Thermal 50-60
Conductivity.
•Stability

Tungsten Nickel Bonded •Resists heat 70-80

Carbide •Mechanical shock
Cobalt Bonded Excellent corrosion 80-90
resistant

Silicon Carbide Reaction Bond •Low cost. 90-135

•Coarse granules
Sintered •High Temperature 90-135
Resistant.
 Seal Face Properties.
Material Brief Construction Properties Hardness (RockWell) Rc

Ceramic 99.5% Pure Alumina Chemically Inert with 85-90

Excellent Wear Resistance

Supralloy High Chrome cast Excellent wear Resistant 75-90

Steel

P.T.F.E. Glass / Silicon Added to PTFE to Light Duty

(Outside Filled Increase Hardness in
Mounted ) Outside Mounted seal
 Secondary Sealing Properties
Material Temperature Lubricant to be used Application
Range ( Deg C) during installation

Viton -18 to +200 Silicone Grease, (Chloride Moderate chemicals, organic acids,
Free) alcohols, ketones

Nitrile -20 to +100 Silicone Grease, (Chloride Water, steam and brake fluids
Free), Glycerine

Kalrez -20 to +270 As per Specifications Highly Corrosive Chemicals, Acids &
Alkalines.

P.T.F.E / -50 to + 150 Mineral-Hydrocarbon Oils, Steam, amines and amine corrosion
G.F.T. Silicone Grease inhibitors, caustics, high pH media

Grafoil -270 to +400 Mineral-Hydrocarbon Oils Thermic Fluid & other high Temp oil
Super Mechanicals Seals

MECHANICAL SEAL FAILURE

ANALYSIS (5/6)
Clogged Spring
Pumping of Slurry / Sludge.
 Clogged Spring
Symptoms & Causes
• Chocking of Spring resulting
in non action of spring
• Caused due to
– Sludge comes in contact of
spring.
– pumping fluid solidifies on
spring on room Temperature
Corrective Action
• Change to Single Spring seal
• Introduce a flushing plan.
• Jacketing of Stuffing box /
Gland which will avoid
solidification of pumping
fluid.
• Installing our Slurry seal
which isolates the spring
from Pumping fluid
Fretting Corrosion

Fretting.
Deep
groove
formation

Coating
of Cr2O3
 Fretting
Symptoms and Causes Corrective Action
• Deep Groove formation on • Coat the Surface with
Shaft / Sleeve in secondary Cr2O3, Al2O3.
Seal Area. • Use O-Rings.
• Caused Due • Check Excessive vibration of
– Back and forth movement of Equipment.
secondary Seal.
– Continuous Vibration in the
Equipment.
 Leaching
Symptoms & Causes Corrective Action
• Seal Face Appears • Use Ceramic Faces of high
– Dull purity alumina Oxide
– Mated &Porous ( 99.5%)
• Caused Due – • Use compatible face MOC
– Binder Defect during
sintering of faces
– corrosion effect on the same
Chemical Degradation On ‘O’ Rings

• Blisters.
• Peeling.
• Voids.
• Cracks
 Chemical Degradation
Symptoms & Causes
• Rings exhibit signs of
degradation.
• Caused Due
– Incompatibility with the
chemical and/or thermal
environment.
– Solid Entrapment.
Corrective Action
 Selection of more
chemically resistant
elastomeric.
 Use Double seal &
 Create flushing the seal with
fluid from external source.
Squarness or
compression in O Ring
Symptoms & Causes:
•Caused Due
•Excessive compression,
temperature.
•Defective Installation
Procedure

Corrective Action:
•Reduce Temperature
•Proper gland design for the
specific elastomer.
•Confirm material compatibility.
 Face Distortion
Intermittent Wear Patterns Uneven Wear Pattern
 Face Distortion (uneven wear)
Symptoms & Causes.
• Uneven Contact and wear
pattern of mating faces.
• Caused due to
– Shaft Misalignment .
– Bearing Failure.
– uneven fastening of gland
nuts.
– Improper Lapping.
– Poor Stuffing Box Finish.
Corrective Action
• Tighten Gland Nuts Evenly
during installation
• Re-machine Stuffing Box or
shaft to attain run out
between Limit
• Maintain Lapped face less
than 2 lightband
Face Distortion ( Groove formation )
 Face Distortion ( Groove formation )

Symptoms & Causes Corrective action

• The Faces exhibits Groove • Gland Design with
Formation and Pits on appropriate Flushing /
mating surface. Quenching Arrangements
• Caused Due to must be made.
– Dry Running • Spring Properties like
– Excessive Compression During Compression/Tension
Installation. should be taken into
account.
• Install Cartridge Type
Mechanical Seal.
 Heat Cracking
Radial Cracks Cracked Hard Face
 Heat Cracks
Symptoms & Causes Corrective action
• Radial Cracks Appear • Ensure Adequate Flushing &
Throughout the seal Improve Circulation on
Surface. mating faces.
• Caused By Frictional Heat • Ensure Appropriate
and Thermal Stress Arising Compression during
from Insufficient Cooling Installation.
• Lack of Lubrication and • Change to compatible face.
Excessive pressure.
Coking and Oxidation.
 Coking & Oxidation
Symptoms & Causes Corrective action
• Thick Residue Deposits • Use Steam Quenching on
Found on Seal Hardware atmospheric side so that
• Caused due to Residue Formation is
– Oxidation when Vapours of avoided.
High Temperature • Use jacketed Stuffing Box
Hydrocarbons come in
contact with atmosphere
 Overview of Failure analysis
●
Misalignment. ●
Dry Running.
●
Uneven wear ●
Groove Formation.

Installation Lubrication

Chemical Contaminati
Wear on

●
Corrosion. ●
Clogged spring.
●
Swelling of O ring. ●
O ring Wear
Super Mechanical Seals

CARTRIDGE MECHANICAL SEAL

INSTALLATION (6/6)
Dimensional Limits for Installation
for Centrifugal Pumps
To Measure With Respect to Max Limit

Shaft Axial End Play Seal Housing Max 0.25mm

Shaft Run Out Seal Housing Max 0.08mm

Shaft Radial Deflection Seal Housing Max 0.05mm

Shaft OD Sleeve Surface Finish within 2 Micron

1) To Measure the Axial
End Play

•Max 0.25 mm.

•Clamp the Dial Indicator

on the shaft, the pointer
is set on the Stuffing box
Face.

•The shaft is made to

move axially and
readings are taken
2) Determine
Squareness of St. Box

•Max 0.08 mm.

•Clamp the Dial Indicator

on the shaft, the pointer
is made to rest on the
Stuffing Box face.

•The Shaft is then

Rotated in Clockwise
direction and readings
are taken
CARTRIDGE SEALS-
The Modern Alternative

•Cartridge Seals are Self

Contained units Consisting
•Sleeve,
•Mechanical Seal.
• Gland
•Helps in impeller
Adjustments (Jacking)
without Disturbing the seal
face pressure.
Exploded View of Cartridge Seal.
 Pre-requisites for Installation
• Bearing Within Tolerances.
• Shaft Unbent and within the Deflection limit if
any.
• Dynamically Balanced Impeller.
• System not Experiencing Cavitations.
• The setting position of the seal is set by
cartridge design thereby eliminating the
failure causes due to installation.
Cartridge Seal Assembly
3 Easy steps
STEP - I - Position the total
Cartridge Assembly on the stuffing
box collar and tighten the gland nuts
diagonally
STEP – II - Insert the stuffing box along
with the seal assembly on the shaft.
STEP – III - Tighten the
sleeve on the shaft and release
the lock plates.
CARTRIDGE SEAL TESTING
ARRANGEMENT
 Conclusion
• I hope your concept of Mechanical seals is
now clear and we would now like to hear from
your side for any questions

• Thank you
 Contact Us
• SuperFlow Pumps Pvt. • SuperMechanical Seals
Ltd. Pvt.Ltd
Plot No A- 498, Plot No A- 531,
MIDC, Mahape, MIDC, Mahape,
Navi Mumbai 400710 Navi Mumbai 400710
Tel-91-22- Tel-91-22-
27782842/43/44 27782842/43/44
Fax-91-22-27782834 Fax-91-22-27782834
Website- Website-
www.superflowpumps www.supergoupindia.
.com com
 Branch Offices
• FOR GUJARAT, RAJASTHAN, DELHI, •FOR MADHYA PRADESH, U.P. , BIHAR
ORISSA
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• Mr. S. N. MISHRA ( Regional No. 09826 013332 
Manager ) Cell No. 09825304622     FLAT NO.102 ‘ASHIYANA’ 180, SHRINAGAR
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Engineer ) Cell 09840538032
TEL/FAX : 02646 – 238906 / 252975
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