AGAMA dan budaya

CONFUCIANISME

 TERKENAL PADA
DINASTI CHOU
(551SM ).
 PENGASAS KUNG FU
TZE.
ORANG PERTAMA
MEMPERKENALKAN
PENDIDIKAN.
 AJARAN –
BERASASKAN PRINSIP-
PRINSIP HIDUP YANG
BAIK.
 Confucius

• Born in a poor family in the

year 551 B.C., and he was
born in the state of Lu.
• Original name was K'ung
Ch'iu.
• Made many wise phrases
and theories about the law,
life, and the government.
• Philosophy is a kind of a
system of ideas and
thoughts that talk about the
human's behavior
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Confucianism
 Started during warring states (403-221BC) – Zhou dynasty
 Means of transforming the violence and conflict into stability
 Founded by K’ung Fu Tzu/Master K’ung/Confucius
 Teacher not a religious leader
 Educated in political life and was a scholar and adviser of
feudal lords
 Concerned civil morality- how people should live, behave
towards each other & good government
 As a state person hope to put his ideas for reforming the state
into practice
 Left the job after his effort failed and founded the 1st private
school in China


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Confucianism
 Five basic relationships:
 Ruler and subjects,
 Father and son,
 Husband and wife,
 Older and younger brothers,
 Members of a community
 Believed that each person must adopted the real ideas of jen
(humanity)
 People are fundamentally good
 Reform state:
 Virtues - courtesy, generosity, good faith, hard work &
kindness

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Confucianism
 People should respect one’s social superiors-elders and ancestors
 Purpose of government & rulers - Care for people
 State be governed by aristocracy of the talent and not birth
 Knowledge was the key to happiness and successful conduct
 Utopia- re-division of the land was not possible
 As a pacifists- declared that a true gentleman is a man of wisdom
& virtue whatever his social origin

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TAONISME

PENGASAS – LAO TZE &

CHUANG TZU.
TERKANDUNG DALAM
BUKU TOA TE CHING.
AJARAN MENEKANKAN
KEHARMONIAN ALAM
SEMESTA.
MEMPUNYAI LAMBANG
YING YANG.
Taoism/Daoism
 Lao, Keeper of archives in the state of Zhou
 Dao-means way (way of virtue and nature)
 Individual is important-
 Individual seeks harmony with the universe renouncing all
artificial connections
 Government
 Out of harmony with nature and the ultimate
 Believed that government interference & source of iniquity and
that if people were left to live by intuition they would live in
harmony
 Purpose of the government was to promote human happiness

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Taoism/Daoism
Emphasized virtues:
 Do nothing (humble, meditate) but get in line with nature,
universe and the ultimate (Dao)
 Avoid pursuit of wealth, political power & learning
 Best society is the simple preliterate (no written language)
society life synchronized with rhythms and nature
 Fishing than work

 Confucius and Legalist worked to change things never

worked
Nature made of Yin and Yang
 Yin- female
 Yang- Male
 Complement each other

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Legalism
 Founded by Han Faizi (233BC)
 People are fundamentally bad- (Machiavellian idea), evil, selfish &
untrustworthy by nature
 People are motivate by greed & fear
 Government:
 Wealthy & powerful state with absolute ruler who will control
unruly people with harsh laws & cruel punishments
 Concern- power & wealth not welfare
 Peoples lives shaped by interest of the state
 Rulers reward those who conform and punish those who do
not

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Legalism
 Rulers could not rule by moral example
 People could not be trusted to be good, instead rulers must
derive power from strict laws & force
Occupation:
 Agriculture and wars
 No Formal education:
 Study of history, classical or philosophy- make people
think become discontent & rebellious
 Appointments:
 Legalist administrators & promotions merit
 Policies that would keep the whole nation productive at work
for the good of the state

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 BUDDH
A

DIASASKAN OLEH SIDDHARTA GAUTAMA.

 BERMULA PADA DINASTI HAN OLEH PEMERINTAH
MAHARAJA MING TI (596-664 SM).
 DIBAWA MASUK DARI INDIA OLEH HSUAN-
TSANG.
AGAMA TERBAHAGI 4 ALIRAN :
• TIAN TAI ZONG
• WEI SI XONG
• HUA YUEN ZONG
• ZEN DU ZONG
 BUDDHISM
3 DHARMA SEALS
1. Dukkha – we can never be satisfied
2. Annica – the world is in flux/instability
3. Annata – there is no soul or self

4 NOBLE TRUTHS
 All life (universal) is suffering (duhkha).
 Expectation from desire is the root of suffering (duhkha samudaya).
 Desire must be renounced (duhkha nirodha).
 Renunciation can be achieved by following the 8 fold path (duhkha nirodha marga).

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 BUDDHISM
THE MIDDLE WAY

 Buddhist practice moderation and non-extremism. They walk

a path between austerity and indulgence.

THE EIGHT-FOLD PATH (JALAN LAPAN LAPIS)

 Right views (Understanding/Outlook)

 Right resolves/aspiration (Dream/Ambition)
 Right speech (Communication)
 Right conduct (Action/Behavior/Attitude)
 Right livelihood (Living)
 Right effort (Attempt)
 Right recollection (Mental/Memory/Remembrance)
 Right meditation (Contemplation & Reflection)

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AGAMA ISLAM
 Sampai di Negera China
pada tahun pada Dinasti
Tang.
 Kehadiran 4 orang sahabat
iaitu Saad b. Abi Waqqas,
Qais bin Hudhaifah, Urwah
bin Abi Uthman, Abu Qais
bin Al-Harith utusan dari
pada Khalifah Uthman ibn
Affan untuk berdakwah.
 Terlebih dahulu tiba di
Fujian dan Canton.
 Menerusi jalan laut dan jalan
darat/silk road.
 KEBUDAYAAN DALAM
TAMADUN CHINA

 KONSEP WU XING
 LOGAM
 KAYU
 API
 AIR
 TANAH
KONSEP WARISAN
KONSEP REN.
KONSEP LI.
KONSEP ZHON
YONG.
KONSEP
ZHONG.
KONSEP SHU.
KONSEP YI.
ISTILAH-ISTILAH DALAM
TAMADUN CINA
•Ren : kasih sayang, kemanusiaan, cinta, prinsip
hubungan manusia dengan manusia.
•Yi : kewajaran, keadilan dan perkara yang sepatut
kita lakukan.
•Li : peradaban, kesopanan, tatasusila, budi pekerti,
peraturan perlakuan akhlak.
•Zhi : kebijaksanaan.
•Xin : kepercayaan dan amanah.
•Xiao : berbakti, mendengar perintah kedua orang
tua.
•Zhong : ketaatan, patuh, tidak berbelah bagi.
•Shu : kemaafan.
•Tian : Hu han, alam langit.
Jatidiri Masyarakat Cina
 Kuat
mempertahankan
budaya nenek
moyang.
 Menganggap diri
mereka lebih
bertamadun
daripada bangsa
lain.
 Amat menghargai
hasil minda (idea)
orang lain.
 Amat mengambil
berat tentang
sejarah dan
budaya bangsa.
Norma Sosial masyarakat China

 Mementingkan hirarki sosial.

 Mengutamakan hubungan
kekeluargaan.
 Pematuhan dan Pengaplikasian
norma sosial.
 menjadi asas kepada kewujudan
keharmonian sosial.
 Prinsip Lima Hubungan (wu lun)
adalah teras hubungan sosial.
Susunlapis masyarakat
 dibahagi kepada 4 peringkat:
 kaum pelajar.
 kaum tani.
 kaum pekerja.
 kaum pedagang.

 •Dalam budaya Cina, setiap dinasti

dalam
mentadbir negara menganggap rakyat
sebagai
paling asas iaitu memberi perhatian
tentang
keadaan rakyat dan menyelesaikan
 Type Description

MEDICINE YING & YANG

In the study of Chinese medicine, we are well when the Yin and Yang
of our body is in a state of balance. But when the body body goes out
of balance or when when there is too much Yin or Yang, we fall sick.
The aim is to keep the body in balance. This is the basic Yin Yang
concept.
Yin:
Yang:

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Type Description

WU XING
Wu Xing terdiri daripada lima elemen iaitu
logam, kayu, air, api dan tanah.
Konsep ini saling mengawal dan saling
mengatasi antara satu sama lain seperti api
dengan air

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Wu Xing concept in Science

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