G.

PULLAIAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Technical Seminar
On
Solar Powered Led Street Light
With Auto Intensity Control

Submitted By
B.VAMSIKRISHNA
(16AT1A0275)
Under the Guidance of
DR.B.V.RAMIREDDY P.hd
INTRODUCTION
 Solar energy is nothing but the radiant energy
emitted by sun. We may convert this solar energy
into electricity either directly using photo voltaic
(PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power
(CSP) with the help of lenses or mirrors and
tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight.
 This solar energy is mainly useful in solar street
lights, auto solar irrigation system, traffic junction
signal lighting etc.
 Components

•Solar panel
•Lighting fixture
•Rechargeable battery
•Controller
•Pole
Solar Panel:

 Solar panel is one of the most important parts of solar street lights, as
solar panel will convert solar energy into electricity.
There Are 2 Types Of Solar Panel:
 Mono-crystalline
 Poly-crystalline.
 Lighting Fixture:

 LED is usually used as lighting source of modern solar

street light, as the LED will provide much higher
lumens with lower energy consumption.
 The energy consumption of led fixture is at least 50%
lower than hps fixture which is widely used as lighting
source in traditional street lights. 
 Led’s lack of warm up time also allows for use of
motion detectors for additional efficiency gains.
 Rechargeable Battery:

 Battery will store the electricity from solar

panel during the day and provide energy to the
fixture during night. 
 The life cycle of the battery is very important to
the lifetime of the light and the capacity of the
battery will affect the backup days of the lights.
 There are usually 2 types of batteries: gel cell
deep cycle battery and lead acid battery.
Controller:

 Controller is also very important for solar

street light. 
 A controller will usually decide to switch on
/off charging and lighting.
 Some modern controllers are programmable
so that user can decide the appropriate
chance of charging, lighting and dimming.
Pole:

 Strong poles are necessary to all street lights, especially to solar street
lights as there are components mounted on the top of the pole: fixtures,
panels and sometime batteries. And wind resistance should also be
taken into consideration when choosing the pole.
Circuit Diagram:
Circuit Explanation:

 The system consists of two circuits – the charge control circuit and the
load intensity control circuit.
 The charge control circuit consists of 4 parts - overcharge indication,
over load detection with protection and low battery voltage detection
with indication. For each part one comparator of a quad a comparator IC
LM324 is used.
 The load intensity control part consists of the microcontroller which
controls the power supply to the load through the transistor and mosfet
switch so as to vary the intensity of the LEDs. Here an array of LEDs is
connected as the load.
Advantages:

 Solar street lights are independent of the utility grid.

Hence, the operation costs are minimized.
 Solar street lights require much lessmaintenance compared
to conventional street lights.
 Since external wires are eliminated, risk of accidents is minimized.
 This is a non-polluting source of electricity.
 Separate parts of solar system can be easily carried to the remote
areas.
Disadvantages:

 Initial investment is higher compared to conventional street lights. 

 Risk of theft is higher as equipment costs are comparatively higher. 
 Snow or dust, combined with moisture can accumulate on horizontal
 pv-panels and reduce or even stop energy production.
 Rechargeable batteries will need to be replaced several times over the
lifetime of the fixtures adding to the total lifetime cost of the light. 
 The batteries have to be replaced from time to time.
Features:

 Most solar panels turn on and turn off automatically by sensing outdoor
light using a light source. Solar streetlights are designed to work
throughout the night. Many can stay lit for more than one night if the
sun is not available for a couple of days.
 Older models included lamps that were not fluorescent or led. Solar
lights installed in windy regions are generally equipped with flat panels
to better cope with the winds.
 Latest designs use wireless technology and fuzzy control theory for
battery management. The street lights using this technology can
operate as a network with each light having the capability of performing
on or off the network.
Conclusion
 The solar energy is one of the important and major
renewable sources of energy and has also proven it
useful in functioning of applications like street lights.
 The charge control is necessary in order to achieve
safety and increase the capacity of the battery. In
cities, currently thousands of street lights are
operated and the yearly electricity maintenance cost
is very high.