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E.NEERAJA
Assistant Professor
Department of EEE
SITAMS,Chittoor
Electrical Machines 1
INTRODUCTION
A single-phase induction motor is structurally similar
to a three-phase induction motor; the difference is
only in the stator winding arrangements. The stator
windings of a single-phase induction motor are
distributed, pitched and skewed to produce a
sinusoidal m.m.f. in space.
Electrical Machines 2
CONSTRUCTION
The construction of a single-phase induction motor is
similar to that of a three-phase induction motor. The
single-phase motor stator has a laminated iron core
with two windings arranged perpendicularly – one is
the main and the other is the auxiliary winding or
starting winding. The motor uses a squirrel-cage rotor,
which has a laminated iron core with slots in it. Single-
phase induction motor is not self-starting and requires
some mechanism to assist it in the starting process.
Electrical Machines 3
DOUBLE-FIELD REVOLVING THEORY
According to this theory, a pulsating field of a single-
phase motor can be resolved into two rotating field of
half its amplitude rotating in opposite direction at
synchronous speed.
Electrical Machines 4
DOUBLE-FIELD REVOLVING THEORY
Electrical Machines 5
DOUBLE-FIELD REVOLVING THEORY
The torque–slip curve is shown below
Electrical Machines 6
CROSS FIELD THEORY
When a single-phase supply is given to the stator of a
single-phase induction motor, an alternating flux is
produced in the stator.
This alternating flux will produce an induced e.m.f. in
the rotor windings, which is initially at standstill.
No torque will be produced in the rotor
Electrical Machines 7
CROSS FIELD THEORY
If the rotor is rotated by giving some external force,
an e.m.f. will be induced in the rotor and thus a
current will flow through the rotor. This current will
be displaced by 90 degree (electrical) from the stator
axis.
Electrical Machines 8
STARTING OF SINGLE-PHASE INDUCTION
MOTOR
Some of the starting methods are,
i) Split-phase method
ii) Shaded-pole method
iii) Reluctance-start method
Electrical Machines 9
Split Phase Method
The different split-phase techniques are:
i) Split-phase resistance-start motor.
ii) Split-phase capacitor-start motor.
iii) Capacitor-start – capacitor-run induction motor
iv) Permanent single capacitor induction motor.
Electrical Machines 10
Split-phase resistance start motor
Electrical Machines 12
Capacitor-start – Capacitor-run
induction motor
These motors are used for
such applications where
large starting torque and
quiet operations are
required. These motors
produce constant torque
and have better efficiency
and power factor.
Electrical Machines 13
Shaded Pole Method
Electrical Machines 15
EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT OF A SINGLE-
PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR
Electrical Machines 17
Block Rotor Test
Blocked rotor test is conducted on an induction
motor. It is also known as short circuit test or locked
rotor test or stalled torque test.
From this test short-circuit current at normal
voltage, power factor on short-circuit, total leakage
reactance, starting torque of the motor can be found.
The test is conducted at low voltage because if the
applied voltage was normal voltage then the current
flowing through the stator windings were high enough
to over heat the winding and damage them.
Electrical Machines 18
No-load Test
In this test, the rotor is made to rotate freely without
any load.
Under this condition, the slip due to forward rotating
field will reach zero and the slip due to backward
rotating field will be 2.
Electrical Machines 19
COMPARISON OF SINGLE-PHASE AND
THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR
Single-phase induction motors are simple in construction,
reliable and economical for small power rating as compared
to three-phase induction motors.
The electrical power factor of single-phase induction motors
is low as compared to three-phase induction motors.
For the same size, single-phase induction motors develop
about 50% of the output as that of three-phase induction
motors.
The starting torque is low for asynchronous motors.
The efficiency of single-phase induction motors is less as
compared to that of three-phase induction motors.
Electrical Machines 20