SeriesTwitter: @Owen134866

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 Prior Knowledge Check
 1) Factorise   Simplify each of these by
2)
writing it as a product of two
a) factors (brackets)
  𝑥 +2)( 𝑥 +3)
¿(
a)
b) ¿(𝑘 +1)(𝑘 +3)
 
  𝑥 +4)( 𝑥 − 1)
¿(
b)
c)   1 ( 𝑘 +1 )2 (1+2 𝑘 2)
¿
¿(2
  𝑥+3)( 𝑥 +2) 2
c)

¿(2
  𝑘 − 1)(𝑘 2 +5)
Teachings for
Exercise 3A
 Series
You can use the sigma notation to
write the sum of a series clearly
and concisely

The last value we put into

the sequence formula (put
in every integer in between
as well!)  3
∑ (10 𝑟− 1)
𝑟 =1

The sequence of
numbers we are finding
The first value we¿ 9+19+29
 put the sum of
into the sequence
formula
 ¿ 57

3A
 Series
You can use the sigma notation to
write the sum of a series clearly
and concisely

The last value we put into

the sequence formula (put
in every integer in between
as well!)  52
∑ )
( 𝑟
𝑟 =2

The sequence of
¿  4+ 9+16+25 numbers we are finding
The first value we put the sum of
into the sequence
formula ¿ 54
 

3A
 𝑛
 
∑ 1=𝑛
Series
𝑟 =1

• You
 writecantheusesumtheofsigma notation to
a series clearly
and concisely

 To find the sum of a series of

constant terms you can use the
formula:

  This is essentially saying ‘the sum of 1s’ is equal to

 For example the sum of 1 + 1 + 1 = 3

 The sum of 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 7

3A
 𝑛 𝑛
    𝑟 = 1 𝑛(𝑛+ 1)
∑ 1=𝑛 ∑
Series
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1 2

• You
 writecantheusesumtheofsigma notation to
a series clearly
and concisely

 To find the sum of the first n

natural numbers (1, 2, 3, 4, 5…, n),
you can use this formula:

 You will see how to prove this result

 This is essentially saying ‘the sum of natural numbers’
in chapter 8! is equal to

 For example the sum of 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15

3A
 𝑛 𝑛
    𝑟 = 1 𝑛(𝑛+ 1)
∑ 1=𝑛 ∑
Series
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1 2
𝑛
  𝑟 = 𝑛(𝑛+1)
∑ 2
𝑟 =1

You can use the sigma notation to write  𝑛

the sum of a series clearly and concisely 1
∑ 2 𝑛 ( 𝑛+1 )
𝑟 =
𝑟 =1 We want the sum
Calculate the sum of the series indicated of the first 50
below:  50 terms, so n = 50
1
  50
∑ 2 (50) ( 50+1 )
𝑟 =
𝑟 =1
∑𝑟 Calculate
𝑟 =1  50
∑ 𝑟 =1275
𝑟 =1

 1 𝑛(𝑛+1)  𝑛(𝑛+1)
2 2
It is fine (and sometimes
easier) to use the formula
in this form!
3A
 𝑛 𝑛
    𝑟 = 1 𝑛(𝑛+ 1)
∑ 1=𝑛 ∑
Series
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1 2
𝑛
  𝑟 = 𝑛(𝑛+1)
∑ 2
𝑟 =1

The sum of the numbers

You can use the sigma notation to write from 21 to 60…
the sum of a series clearly and concisely

Calculate the sum of the series indicated 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

below:
-
  60
… Will be equal to the sum of the numbers
∑𝑟 from 1 to 60, subtract the numbers from 1
to 20…
𝑟=21
The notation will look like this…
Notice the number
here will always be
This is asking you to find the sum of the
  60   60   20
one less than the
numbers from 21 to 60 ∑ 𝑟 ¿ ∑ 𝑟 −∑ 𝑟 one at the start!

𝑟=21 𝑟 =1 𝑟=1

Sum from Sum from Sum from

21 to 60 1 to 60 1 to 20

3A
 𝑛 𝑛
    𝑟 = 1 𝑛(𝑛+ 1)
∑ 1=𝑛 ∑
Series
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1 2
𝑛
  𝑟 = 𝑛(𝑛+1)
∑ 2
𝑟 =1

You can use the sigma notation to write   60   60   20

the sum of a series clearly and concisely
∑ 𝑟 ¿ ∑ 𝑟 −∑ 𝑟
𝑟=21 𝑟 =1 𝑟=1
Calculate the sum of the series indicated Sub in values
below: for each part
  60 60 × 61   20 ×21
  60 ∑ 𝑟 ¿  −
2 2
∑𝑟 𝑟=21
Calculate
𝑟=21

¿  1620
This is asking you to find the sum of the
numbers from 21 to 60
So the sum of the numbers from
21 to 60 is 1620!

3A
 𝑛 𝑛
    𝑟 = 1 𝑛(𝑛+ 1)
∑ 1=𝑛 ∑
Series
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1 2
𝑛
  𝑟 = 𝑛(𝑛+1)
∑ 2
𝑟 =1

You need to be able to split up parts of a

sequence and sum them separately

You can split up series sums of the form:

 𝑛
∑ (𝑎𝑟 +𝑏)
𝑟 =1

into 2 separate ‘series sums’ as follows:

𝑛 𝑛
   
𝑎 ∑ 𝑟 +𝑏 ∑ 1
𝑟=1 𝑟 =1

This allows you to then use the sum formulae for

the sequence overall!

3A
 𝑛 𝑛
    𝑟 = 1 𝑛(𝑛+ 1)
∑ 1=𝑛 ∑
Series
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1 2
𝑛
  𝑟 = 𝑛(𝑛+1)
∑ 2
𝑟 =1

𝑛
You need to be able to split up parts  
of a sequence and sum them ∑ (3 𝑟+2)
separately 𝑟 =1

If we wrote out the first few terms of this sequence…

Show that:
 
𝑛 ¿  ( 3 ×1+2 )+
  ( 3 ×2+2 )+
  ( 3 ×3+2 )+  ( 3 ×4 +2 ) … … …
∑ (3 𝑟+2) This is equal to the sum of the multiplied terms, added to the sum of the 2s
𝑟 =1
¿  ( 3 ×1 ) +
  ( 3 ×2 )+
  ( 3 ×3 )+
  ( 3 ×4 )+
  ( 2+2+2+2 ) … …
We can ‘factorise’ the 3 out of the multiplied terms and factorise
a 2 from the added terms…
Can be written as:

  𝑛
  𝑛 ¿  3 × ( 1+2+3+4 ) … … …+2
  ( 1+1+1+1 ) … … …
3 ∑ 𝑟 +2 ∑ 1
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1 This is 3 multiplied by the sum This is 2 multiplied by ‘n’ 1s
of the first ‘n’ numbers
represented by the formula ‘r’
𝑛 𝑛
   
3 ∑ 𝑟 +2 ∑ 1
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1
3A
 𝑛 𝑛
    𝑟 = 1 𝑛(𝑛+ 1)
∑ 1=𝑛 ∑
Series
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1 2
𝑛
  𝑟 = 𝑛(𝑛+1)
∑ 2
𝑟 =1

You need to be able to split up parts  25

of a sequence and sum them
separately
∑ (3 𝑟+1) Split into two
𝑟 =1
separate parts as
25 25 you have seen
   
Evaluate: 3∑ 𝑟 +∑ 1
25 Write the formulae for the
  𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1
sums. Remember the 3 at the
∑ (3 𝑟+1) 3 𝑛 (𝑛+1)
start of the first one!
 We will also have ‘n’ lots of 1
𝑟 =1 ¿  +𝑛(1)
 
2
Sub in n = 25 (25 terms
to add up)
You need to split this up and sum the 3 (25)( 25+ 1)
¿  +25(1)
 
parts separately! 2
Calculate

¿  1000

So the first 25 terms of the sequence with the

formula (3r + 1) will add up to 1000!

3A
 𝑛 𝑛
    𝑟 = 1 𝑛(𝑛+ 1)
∑ 1=𝑛 ∑
Series
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1 2
𝑛
  𝑟 = 𝑛(𝑛+1)
∑ 2
𝑟 =1

 𝑛
You need to be able to split up parts of a
sequence and sum them separately ∑ (7 𝑟− 4)
𝑟 =1 Split up as two
separate sums
Show that: 𝑛 𝑛
   
7∑ 𝑟 −4∑ 1
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1 Remember the 7 on the
 𝑛 𝑛 first expression!
 
(7 𝑟− 4) 2 ( 7 𝑛 − 1 )
∑ ¿
7 𝑛 (𝑛+1)
−
 We also have n lots of 4
𝑟 =1 ¿ 
2   4𝑛
Write ‘4n’ as fraction over
7 𝑛 (𝑛+1)   8 𝑛 2 (for grouping)
¿  −
2 2
Is given by this Group terms
The sum of the 7 𝑛 ( 𝑛+1 ) −8 𝑛
first ‘n’ terms of formula, where ¿ 
‘n’ is the number 2
this sequence Expand the
of terms 2 bracket
 ¿ 7 𝑛 +7 𝑛 − 8 𝑛
2
Group terms
In this case you should proceed as normal, but 2
use ‘n’ instead!  ¿ 7 𝑛 −𝑛
2
The two expressions are Factorise
equivalent! 𝑛 (7 𝑛 −1)
¿  3A
2
 𝑛 𝑛
    𝑟 = 1 𝑛(𝑛+ 1)
∑ 1=𝑛 ∑
Series
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1 2
𝑛
  𝑟 = 𝑛(𝑛+1)
∑ 2
𝑟 =1

Write as one sum subtract another

You need to be able to split up parts of a 50 50 19
sequence and sum them separately
     
∑ (7 𝑟− 4)¿ ∑ (7 𝑟 − 4)− ∑ (7 𝑟 −4 ) Write the formula
𝑟=20 𝑟 =1 𝑟=1
separately for
Show that: each sum
𝑛 (7 𝑛 −1)   𝑛(7 𝑛 −1)
¿  − Sub 50 into
𝑛 2 2 the first and
  𝑛 19 into the
∑ (7 𝑟− 4)¿  2
(7 𝑛 −1) 50 (7(50)−1)   19(7(19) −1) second
¿  −
𝑟 =1 2 2
Calculate
Hence, calculate the value of: each
  8725
¿ −1254
 
Calculate
  50
  7471
¿
∑ (7 𝑟− 4)
𝑟=20

Here, you can use the formula you’re given –

remember that this will be the sum of the
first 50 terms subtract the sum of the
first 19!

3A
Teachings for
Exercise 3B
 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
    𝑟 = 1 𝑛(𝑛+ 1)   𝑟 2 = 𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1)
∑ 1=𝑛 ∑ ∑
Series
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1 2 𝑟 =1 6
𝑛 𝑛 2
  𝑟 = 𝑛(𝑛+1)   𝑟 3 = 𝑛 ( 𝑛+1 )2
∑ 2
∑ 4
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1

You need to be able to calculate the

sum of a sequence based on powers of
2 and 3

The sum of a sequence of squared

numbers is given as follows:
𝑛
  2   𝑛 (𝑛+1)( 2𝑛+1)   𝑛
∑ 𝑟 ¿
6
𝑜𝑟
6
(𝑛+1)(2 𝑛+1)
𝑟 =1

And the formula for the sum of a

sequence of cubes is:
𝑛 2 2
  3  𝑛 ( 𝑛+1 )   𝑛2
∑𝑟¿ 𝑜𝑟 ( 𝑛+1 )2
𝑟 =1
4 4

You will see proofs for these in chapter 8!

3B
 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
    𝑟 = 1 𝑛(𝑛+ 1)   𝑟 2 = 𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1)
∑ 1=𝑛 ∑ ∑
Series
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1 2 𝑟 =1 6
𝑛 𝑛 2
  𝑟 = 𝑛(𝑛+1)   𝑟 3 = 𝑛 ( 𝑛+1 )2
∑ 2
∑ 4
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1

You need to be able to calculate the  30

sum of a sequence based on powers of
2 and 3
∑ 𝑟2
𝑟 =1 Write out the formula for
a squared sequence
𝑛 (𝑛+1)( 2𝑛+1)
Evaluate: ¿ 
6 Sub in n = 30 as
 30 2 (30)(30+1)(2(30)+1)
we want 30 terms
∑𝑟 ¿ 
6 Simplify the
𝑟 =1
numerator (if
(30)(31)(6 1) necessary!)
¿ 
6
Calculate

¿  9 455

3B
5D
 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
    𝑟 = 1 𝑛(𝑛+ 1)   𝑟 2 = 𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1)
∑ 1=𝑛 ∑ ∑
Series
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1 2 𝑟 =1 6
𝑛 𝑛 2
  𝑟 = 𝑛(𝑛+1)   𝑟 3 = 𝑛 ( 𝑛+1 )2
∑ 2
∑ 4
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1

Write it as one sum subtract another

You need to be able to calculate the
sum of a sequence based on powers of   40   40
3 
19
2 and 3
∑ 𝑟3 ¿ ∑ 𝑟 − ∑ 𝑟3 Write out the formula
𝑟=20 𝑟 =1 𝑟=1
for the cubed
Evaluate: sequence twice
2 2 2 2
  40 3  ¿ 𝑛 ( 𝑛+1 ) −  𝑛 ( 𝑛+1 )
4 4 Sub in 40 for
∑𝑟 the first and
19 for the
𝑟=20 2 2 2 2
 ¿ (40) ( 40+1 ) −  (19) ( 19+1 ) second
4 4
Calculate
Remember for this one you need the ¿  6 72400−36100
 
sum of the first 40 terms, subtract the Finish the sum!
first 19 terms!
¿  6 36300

3B
 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
    𝑟 = 1 𝑛(𝑛+ 1)   𝑟 2 = 𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1)
∑ 1=𝑛 ∑ ∑
Series
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1 2 𝑟 =1 6
𝑛 𝑛 2
  𝑟 = 𝑛(𝑛+1)   𝑟 3 = 𝑛 ( 𝑛+1 )2
∑ 2
∑ 4
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1

2𝑛 2𝑛 𝑛
  2   2 
You need to be able to calculate the sum
of a sequence based on powers of 2 and 3 ∑ 𝑟 ¿ ∑ 𝑟 − ∑ 𝑟2
𝑟=𝑛 +1 𝑟 =1 𝑟=1 Write out the
formula twice
Find: 𝑛 (𝑛+1)( 2𝑛+1) 𝑛(𝑛+1)(2 𝑛+1)
¿  − 
6 6 Sub ‘2n’ into the
2𝑛
  first and ‘n’ into the
2
∑ 𝑟 ¿ 
2 𝑛 (2𝑛+1)(4 𝑛+1) 𝑛(𝑛+1)(2 𝑛+1)
6
− 
6
second

𝑟=𝑛 +1 You can write this

2 𝑛 ( 2 𝑛+1 ) ( 4 𝑛+1 ) −𝑛 (𝑛+1)(2 𝑛+1) as one fraction
This one is more algebraic but you still ¿ 
approach it the same way! 6 This is the key step – yo
can factorise as n(2n+1)
 ¿2  ( 4 𝑛+1−(𝑛+1)
𝑛(2 𝑛+1)  ) ¿  is common to both terms
The first value we put in the sequence will be
 ¿  
‘n + 1’
6
  Expand the terms in

¿  𝑛(2   8  𝑛+2 −𝑛
  𝑛+1)
6
¿
  −1   ¿ the square bracket

Simplify the square

The final value we put in will be ‘2n’  
bracket (which can now
𝑛(2 𝑛+1)
  𝑛+1)
(7 be written as a ‘normal’
 ¿   bracket!)
So we want the sum of the first ‘2n’ terms, 6  
subtract the first ‘n’ terms (same as if we
were using numbers!) The factorising step is crucial here – otherwise you will end up
trying to factorise a cubic which can take a long time!
3B
 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
    𝑟 = 1 𝑛(𝑛+ 1)   𝑟 2 = 𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1)
∑ 1=𝑛 ∑ ∑
Series
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1 2 𝑟 =1 6
𝑛 𝑛 2
  𝑟 = 𝑛(𝑛+1)   𝑟 3 = 𝑛 ( 𝑛+1 )2
∑ 2
∑ 4
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1

2𝑛
You need to be able to calculate the   𝑛(2 𝑛+1)(7 𝑛+1)
2
sum of a sequence based on powers of ∑ 𝑟= 6
2 and 3 𝑟=𝑛 +1

If n = 1
Find:
2𝑛 2
    𝑛(2
∑ 𝑟
2
∑ 𝑟2   𝑛+1)(7 𝑛+1)
𝑟 =2 6
𝑟=𝑛 +1

𝑛 (2 𝑛+1)(7 𝑛+1) 1( 2+1)(7+1)

¿  ¿ 
6 6
The first number we
put in is 2, which is 24
¿ 
also the last number 6
we put in
Verify that the result is correct for n =
1, 2 and 3
Sequence  4
  ¿  4
So the numbers in the
sequence just add up to 4!
(This can show the formula is working,
although in reality isn’t a proof in itself!)
 Let’s check the
formula!
3B
 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
    𝑟 = 1 𝑛(𝑛+ 1)   𝑟 2 = 𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1)
∑ 1=𝑛 ∑ ∑
Series
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1 2 𝑟 =1 6
𝑛 𝑛 2
  𝑟 = 𝑛(𝑛+1)   𝑟 3 = 𝑛 ( 𝑛+1 )2
∑ 2
∑ 4
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1

2𝑛
You need to be able to calculate the   𝑛(2 𝑛+1)(7 𝑛+1)
2
sum of a sequence based on powers of ∑ 𝑟= 6
2 and 3 𝑟=𝑛 +1

If n = 2
Find:
2𝑛 4
    𝑛(2
∑ 𝑟
2
∑ 𝑟2   𝑛+1)(7 𝑛+1)
𝑟 =3 6
𝑟=𝑛 +1

𝑛 (2 𝑛+1)(7 𝑛+1) 2 (4+1)(14+1)

¿  ¿ 
6 6
The first number we
put in is 3, and the 150
last number we put in
¿ 
6
in 4
Verify that the result is correct for n =
1, 2 and 3
Sequence  9  , 16 ¿  25
So the numbers in the
sequence add up to 25
(This can show the formula is working,
although in reality isn’t a proof in itself!)
 Let’s check the
formula!
3B
 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
    𝑟 = 1 𝑛(𝑛+ 1)   𝑟 2 = 𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1)
∑ 1=𝑛 ∑ ∑
Series
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1 2 𝑟 =1 6
𝑛 𝑛 2
  𝑟 = 𝑛(𝑛+1)   𝑟 3 = 𝑛 ( 𝑛+1 )2
∑ 2
∑ 4
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1

2𝑛
You need to be able to calculate the   𝑛(2 𝑛+1)(7 𝑛+1)
2
sum of a sequence based on powers of ∑ 𝑟= 6
2 and 3 𝑟=𝑛 +1

If n = 3
Find:
2𝑛 6
    𝑛(2
∑ 𝑟
2
∑ 𝑟2   𝑛+1)(7 𝑛+1)
𝑟 =4 6
𝑟=𝑛 +1

𝑛 (2 𝑛+1)(7 𝑛+1) 3 (6+1)( 21+1)

¿  ¿ 
6 6
The first number we
put in is 4, and the 462
¿ 
last number we put in 6
in 6
Verify that the result is correct for n =
1, 2 and 3
Sequence  16
  ,25 ,36 ¿  77
So the numbers in the
sequence add up to 77 So the formula seems
(This can show the formula is working,
although in reality isn’t a proof in itself!) to be working fine!
 Let’s check the
formula!
3B
 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
    𝑟 = 1 𝑛(𝑛+ 1)   𝑟 2 = 𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1)
∑ 1=𝑛 ∑ ∑
Series
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1 2 𝑟 =1 6
𝑛 𝑛 2
  𝑟 = 𝑛(𝑛+1)   𝑟 3 = 𝑛 ( 𝑛+1 )2
∑ 2
∑ 4
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1

𝑛
You need to be able to use all you have learnt   𝑟 2 +𝑟 −2
to calculate the sum of a more complex series, ∑
𝑟 =1
made up of several terms Write as
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 separate sums
∑ 𝑟 +  ∑ 𝑟 −2
   2
∑1 Write the formula
Show that: 𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1
𝑛 for each part in

∑ 𝑟 2 +𝑟 −2= 𝑛3 (𝑛+4)(𝑛 −1)

 
¿ 
𝑛 (𝑛+1)( 2𝑛+1)+𝑛 (𝑛+1)
6
 
2 −2
  𝑛
terms of n
Write all with a
𝑟 =1
common
𝑛 (𝑛+1)( 2𝑛+1)+3 𝑛 (𝑛+1) 12𝑛 denominator
¿    − 
6 6 6
2  𝑛(𝑛¿¿2+3𝑛−4)¿
  𝑛 ( 𝑛+1 )( 2 𝑛+1 ) +3 𝑛 ( 𝑛+1 ) − 12𝑛
Group up
 ¿ 6
  Divide numerator and
¿ 
6 ‘Clever
denominator by 2
𝑛
¿  𝑛  ¿(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1)   ¿
−12
(𝑛¿¿2+3𝑛−4)¿     factorisation’
¿    3 
   
6
+3(𝑛+1)
 
Factorise!   Expand

 ¿
𝑛
  (𝑛+4
 
3
 
)(𝑛− 1)
¿  𝑛
  ¿ 2
  2  𝑛 +3 𝑛+1 +3
6 
  𝑛+3−12
    ¿ brackets

Group terms
𝑛 (2𝑛¿¿2+6𝑛−8)¿
¿      6  Take the factor 2
out of the bracket
2  (𝑛¿¿2+3𝑛−4)¿
𝑛 
 ¿ 6
  3B
 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
    𝑟 = 1 𝑛(𝑛+ 1)   𝑟 2 = 𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1)
∑ 1=𝑛 ∑ ∑
Series
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1 2 𝑟 =1 6
𝑛 𝑛 2
  𝑟 = 𝑛(𝑛+1)   𝑟 3 = 𝑛 ( 𝑛+1 )2
∑ 2
∑ 4
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1

𝑛
You need to be able to use all you have learnt  
to calculate the sum of a more complex series, ∑ 𝑟 2 +𝑟 −2
made up of several terms 𝑟 =1

𝑟=1
  ( 1 )2+ (1 ) −2 ¿  0
Show that:
𝑛

∑ 𝑟 2 +𝑟 −2= 𝑛3 (𝑛+4)(𝑛 −1)

 
𝑟=2
  ( 2 )2 + ( 2 ) − 2 ¿  4
𝑟 =1

𝑟=3
  ( 3 )2 + ( 3 ) − 2 ¿  10
Hence, calculate the sum of the series:
𝑟=4
  ( 4 )2+ ( 4 ) −2 ¿  18
4 + 10 + 18 + 28 + 40 … … … + 418 𝑟=? 𝑟  2 +𝑟 − 2 ¿  418
 
You can see that this formula gives us the
sequence we are trying to find the sum of! We need to know how many terms there are,
so have to find the value for r which gives a
(The 0 at the start will not affect the sum term with a value of 418…
so can be ignored!)

3B
 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
    𝑟 = 1 𝑛(𝑛+ 1)   𝑟 2 = 𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1)
∑ 1=𝑛 ∑ ∑
Series
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1 2 𝑟 =1 6
𝑛 𝑛 2
  𝑟 = 𝑛(𝑛+1)   𝑟 3 = 𝑛 ( 𝑛+1 )2
∑ 2
∑ 4
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1

You need to be able to use all you have learnt

to calculate the sum of a more complex series, 𝑟  2 +𝑟 − 2=418
Subtract 418
made up of several terms 2
𝑟  +𝑟 − 420=0
Factorise

𝑛
Show that:   −20)(𝑟 +21)=0
(𝑟
2 answers, only 1 is
∑ 𝑟 +𝑟 −2= 𝑛3 (𝑛+4)(𝑛 −1)
  2

𝑟=20 𝑜𝑟 − 21
possible though!
𝑟 =1  

So we are finding the sum of the first 20 terms of

the sequence!
Hence, calculate the sum of the series: 20
 
∑ 𝑟 2 +𝑟 −2 We can use the
4 + 10 + 18 + 28 + 40 … … … + 418 𝑟 =1
formula we were given!
𝑛
¿  (𝑛+ 4)(𝑛 −1)
3
Sub in n = 20
20
¿  (20+ 4)(20 −1)
3
Calculate
¿  3040 3B
 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
    𝑟 = 1 𝑛(𝑛+ 1)   𝑟 2 = 𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1)
∑ 1=𝑛 ∑ ∑
Series
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1 2 𝑟 =1 6
𝑛 𝑛 2
  𝑟 = 𝑛(𝑛+1)   𝑟 3 = 𝑛 ( 𝑛+1 )2
∑ 2
∑ 4
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1

2 2
  𝑛 (𝑛+1)(2 𝑛+1)−  3 𝑛(𝑛+1)
You need to be able to use all you have learnt ¿  2 𝑛 ( 𝑛+1 ) +5
to calculate the sum of a more complex series, 4 6 2 Write with
made up of several terms the same
2 2 denominator
3 𝑛 ( 𝑛+1 ) +5 𝑛 (𝑛+1)(2 𝑛+1) 9 𝑛(𝑛+1)
¿     
−
6 6 6
Find a formula for the sum of the series:
𝑛 Combine
  𝑟 (𝑟+3)(2 𝑟 −1)
∑ ¿ 
2 2
3 𝑛 ( 𝑛+1 ) +5 𝑛 ( 𝑛+ 1 )( 2 𝑛+1 ) −9 𝑛 (𝑛+1)
𝑟 =1
Expand the 6 ‘Clever
bracket factorisation’
𝑛
  𝑟 (2𝑟 2 +5 𝑟 −3)
∑  ¿
  ¿
 3  𝑛(𝑛+1)+5(2
𝑛(𝑛+1)
6
  𝑛+1)−9
    ¿
𝑟 =1
  Expand the inner
Expand the
𝑛
  2 𝑟 3 +5 𝑟 2 − 3 𝑟
bracket again
¿    ¿ 6
  𝑛+5−9
  3  𝑛2+ 3𝑛+10
𝑛(𝑛+1)     ¿ brackets

∑   Simplify (you
should also
𝑟 =1
Write as 3 𝑛 (𝑛+1)(3 𝑛 2+13 𝑛 − 4) factorise if
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 separate sums ¿  possible)
6
2  ∑ 𝑟 +5
3   
∑ 𝑟 2−3 ∑𝑟
𝑟=1 𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1 Write using
the formulae
2 above.
2𝑛 ( 𝑛+1 )2+5 𝑛 (𝑛+1)(2 𝑛+1) 3 𝑛(𝑛+1) Remember to
¿    − 
4 6 2 include the
coefficients!
3B
 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
    𝑟 = 1 𝑛(𝑛+ 1)   𝑟 2 = 𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1)
∑ 1=𝑛 ∑ ∑
Series
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1 2 𝑟 =1 6
𝑛 𝑛 2
  𝑟 = 𝑛(𝑛+1)   𝑟 3 = 𝑛 ( 𝑛+1 )2
∑ 2
∑ 4
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1

You need to be able to use all you have learnt

to calculate the sum of a more complex series, Write as one sum subtract another
made up of several terms 40 40 10
  𝑟(𝑟 +3)(2 𝑟− 1)¿  𝑟(𝑟 +3)(2 𝑟 −1)
−  ∑ 𝑟(𝑟+3)(2𝑟 −1)
∑ ∑
𝑟=11 𝑟 =1 𝑟=1
Find a formula for the sum of the series:
𝑛
  𝑟 (𝑟+3)(2 𝑟 −1) Write the formulae out twice, one for each
∑ 2
sum!
𝑟 =1 𝑛 (𝑛+1)(3 𝑛 +13 𝑛 − 4) 𝑛(𝑛+1)(3 𝑛2+ 13𝑛 − 4)
¿  − 
𝑛 (𝑛+1)(3 𝑛 2+13 𝑛 − 4) 6 6 Sub in
¿  40 and
6
10
40( 41)(5316) 10(11)(426)
¿   
−
6 6
Calculate!
Hence, calculate the following:
40 ¿1,445,230
 
  𝑟 (𝑟 +3)(2 𝑟 − 1)
∑
𝑟=11

3B
 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
    𝑟 = 1 𝑛(𝑛+ 1)   𝑟 2 = 𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1)
∑ 1=𝑛 ∑ ∑
Series
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1 2 𝑟 =1 6
𝑛 𝑛 2
  𝑟 = 𝑛(𝑛+1)   𝑟 3 = 𝑛 ( 𝑛+1 )2
∑ 2
∑ 4
𝑟 =1 𝑟 =1

The formula for squareds and

cubes are given on the exam!

3B