Made Asmarani Dira, S.Farm., M.Biomed., Apt.

ANESTESI UMUM
Anestesi umum adalah tindakan menghilangkan rasa
nyeri/sakit secara sentral disertai hilangnya kesadaran
dan dapat pulih kembali (reversible). Komponen trias
anestesi ideal terdiri dari hipnotik, analgesik, dan
relaksasi otot.
 Stage of anesthesia
 Stage I (analgesia)
cerebral cortex gradually inhibited
analgesia, euphoria
loss of consciousness
 Stage II (excitement phase)(delirium)
increase sympathetic activity
loss of control
 Stage III (surgical anesthesia)
plane 1
plane 2
plane 3
plane 4
 Stage IV (medullary paralysis)
cardiovascular center inhibited
respiratory center inhibited
death
 Route of administration
Inhalation
volatile liquid:ether,enflurane,halothane
gases :nitrous oxide
Intravenous
thiopental
ketamine
midazolam
fentanyl citrate-droperidol
Inhalation general anesthetic
Inhaled through the nose and mouth using face
mask
Oxygen must be included in the mixture
If the face mask is removed, anesthetic exhale
Patients begin to recover
 OBAT ANESTESI INHALASI
• Dinitrogen Oksida (N2O)
• Halotan
• Etil Klorida
• Eter (Dietil eter)
• Enfluran (Ethran)
• Isofluran (Forane)
• Sevofluran
 Nitrous oxide/N20
Colorless,odorless,tasteless
Not metabolized
No significant effect on
respiratory,hepar,renal,sympathomimetic
Lack of potency (incomplete anesthesia)
Good analgesia
 Diethyl ether
Irritating resp.mucosa
Stimulate ventilation
Flammable when mixed with air or oxygen
Wide safety margin
High incidence of nausea & vomiting
Slow induction
 Halothane
Non flammable
Potent anesthetic
Pleasant smelling liquid
Non irritating to resp.tract
Does not increase pulmonary secretion
 Enflurane
Excelent muscle relaxant
Less hepatic damage
Does not extensively metabolized in the
body (2-3%)
OBAT ANESTESI INTRAVENA
Natrium Tiopental (tiopental,pentotal)
Ketamin
Droperidol (dehidrobenzperidol, droleptan)
Diprivan (diisopropil fenol, propofol
ANESTESI INTRAVENA IDEAL
1. Cepat terjadi hypnosis
2. efek analgesic
3. Amnesia
4. efek samping cepat hilang
5. cepat dielimiunasi dari tubuh
6. depresi, respirasi dan kardiovaskular minimal

Kombinasi beberapa obat

KUIS
Buatlah dosis, kontraindikasi, efek samping dari :
Natrium tiopental
Ketamin
Propofol