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• ∆E = Q - W

( 12 m v12 - 1
2 m v 22 ) + ( mgh1 - mgh 2 ) + ( u1 - u 2 ) = Q - W

• W = p dV = PV
• Mass = ρ V → V = m/ρ
• Work done on fluid = P1V1 – P2V2 =
mP1/ ρ – mP2/ ρ
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• Conservation of energy between location 1 and 2 requires that
• Flow work done on the fluid = (change of kinetic energy) + (change
in potensial energy) + ( change of internal energy)

That is

P1 P2
 -  = 1
2 (v12 - v 22 ) + g ( h1 - h 2 ) + (u1  u 2 )
• Mass flow rate = ρAv = M = ∫ ρv dA

.
• Kinetic energy per unit time = kenetic energy 2
mass x mass
unit time = 1
2 v x M
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• If between location 1 and 2, heat Q is added to unit mass of the fluid and work w is done
on unit mass of the fluid, the energy balance becomes

• Flow work + Q + W = ∆Ek + ΔEp + ∆Ef

P1 P2 V12 V22
( - )+(
  2 - 2 )  g(h1 - h 2 ) + (u1 - u 2 ) -Q -W + E f = 0
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• Applications:
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• Case 1: Laminar Flow

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• Case 2: Turbulent Flow

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